Progressive Development (eBook)

Contents 8
List of Figures 12
List of Tables 14
Contributors 16
Part I Progressive Development Human Society Can Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Aridization Due to Global Warming 17
General Introduction 17
1 The Past is the Key to the Future 18
References 20
2 Present Global Warming, What Will Be Its Future Impact? 21
References 26
3 Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian Prophecies of Calamity 27
References 32
4 The Principles of Sustainable Development a Result of Neo-Malthusian Conceptual Model 33
5 The Theoretical Basis Behind the Falsification of the Theory of Malthus and Verification of Condorcets Confuted Model 36
References 39
6 Progressive Development the Modern Version of Condorcets Conceptual Model 40
References 45
7 Development of Groundwater, the Fundamental Resource of Projects Based on the Principle of Progressive Development 46
References 48
8 Progressive Development by Greening the Deserts, to Mitigate Global Warming and Provide New Land and Income Resources 50
References 55
Part II Regional Investigations 56
9 Progressive Development and Groundwater Resources of Israel 57
9.1 Introduction 57
9.2 The History of Water Development of Israel 58
9.3 Physical-Geographical and Administrative Background 62
9.4 The Hydrogeology of Israel 62
9.4.1 The Limestone Aquifers (of Jurassic and Cretaceous Age) Feeding the Jordan River 62
9.4.2 The Cretaceous Limestone Aquifer of Central Israel 64
9.4.3 The Sandstone Coastal Plain Aquifer of Quaternary Age 65
9.4.4 The Limestone and Chalk Aquifers of Eocene Age 66
9.5 Advanced Methods of Irrigation 66
9.6 The Reuse of Sewage Water 67
9.7 Use of Brackish, Saline and Seawater 68
References 68
10 The Negev Desert of Israel A Conceptual Plan of a Progressive Development Project for an Arid Region 69
10.1 Geography, Climate and Geology 69
10.2 The Past as a Key to the Future 71
10.3 Groundwater the Basis of Development of the Negev 75
10.3.1 The Limestone -- Dolomite Aquifer of the Judean Group of Cenomanian-Turonian Age 76
10.3.2 The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer of Lower Cretaceous Age 77
10.3.3 The Alluvial Aquifer of the Rift Valley 77
10.4 Modelling 77
10.5 Regional Plan of Development 79
10.6 The Artificial Oasis Habitat 79
10.7 The Arava Rift Valley, A Special Case 80
References 80
11 Progressive Development in the Marine Environment 82
11.1 From Hunting and Gathering to Agriculture 82
11.2 Marine Fisheries: Capture and Aquaculture 82
11.2.1 The Dilemma of Growing Demand 83
11.2.2 Defining Sustainability 84
11.2.3 Progressive Development and Management of Fisheries 84
11.2.4 Environmentalist Advocacy and Fisheries Management 86
11.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management 87
References 88
12 Progressive Development of New Marine Environments for the Production of Marine Vegetation 91
References 94
Part III Progressive Development and Strategic Environmental Assessment 96
Introduction 96
References 97
13 Some Examples of Development in the Desert Belts 98
References 100
14 Sustainability in the Desert? 101
References 102
15 The Potential of Progressive Development 103
Reference 104
16 The Feasibility of Progressive Development 105
16.1 Long-Term Effects of Irrigation on Soils and the Environment 105
16.2 The Past as Key for the Future 105
References 108
17 Modelling the Impact of Climate Change and Irrigation by the Geographic Law of Soil Zonality 110
References 119
18 The Socio-Economic Framework: What Can be Learned from Earlier Failures? 121
References 123
19 Strategic Environmental Assessment to Assess and Monitor Sustainable Resource Use in Progressive Development: Potentials and Limitations 124
19.1 Improvement of the Progressive Development Strategy 124
19.2 SEA Process and Contents 125
19.2.1 Environmental Assessment and Comparison of Feasible Alternatives 127
19.3 SEA Application in Practice 128
19.3.1 Communication and Cooperation with All Stakeholders 129
19.3.2 Environmental Quality Objectives and Standards 130
19.3.3 Indicators and Assessment Criteria 132
19.3.4 Compatibility of Scientific Requirements with Practicality of Approach 133
19.3.5 Tiered Decision-Support System 134
References 134
20 Discussion and Conclusion 136
References 138
Part IV Appendices 139
Appendix A The Project in NE Kenya an Example of a Development Project Based on Groundwater, Following the Conceptual Model of Progressive Development 140
A.1 The Development of Perennial Water Resources for Irrigation for the Settling of the Nomad Population in the Arid and Semi-Arid (ASAL) Northeast Kenya 140
A.1.1 Preface 140
A.1.2 Summary of Observations 142
A.1.3 Summary of Recommendations 142
A.1.4 Development of Water Resources 143
A.1.5 The Impact of Water Resources Development on the Environment 144
A.1.6 Education 146
A.1.7 The Construction of Dams 146
Appendix B A Call for Global Action Replant the Dry Lands 148
B.1 Executive Summary 148
B.2 Introduction 149
B.3 On the Availability of Untapped Water Resources in the Dry Lands 151
B.4 Aspects of Sustainability 152
B.5 Economic Aspects 153
B.6 Conclusion, Recommendations and a Few Words of Caution 153