International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 23 - 26 September 2009 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (eBook)

Organization 7
Table of Contents 9
Engineering Control of Airborne Disease Transmission in Health Care Facilities 16
INTRODUCTION 16
AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 16
AIRBORNE PATHOGENS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES 17
AIRBORNE PATHOGENS CONTROL 19
CONCLUSIONS 19
REFERENCES 19
Field Investigation of Volatile Organic Compounds’ Levels and Origin in an Unpolluted Residential Area 20
INTRODUCTION 20
METHOD 20
RESULTS 21
DISCUSSION 21
CONCLUSIONS 22
REFERENCES 22
Collaborative Pre-surgery Planning in a Tele-immersive Environment Using VR Technology 24
INTRODUCTION 24
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE 24
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 25
EXPERIMENTS 27
CONCLUSIONS 28
REFERENCES 28
Indications of the Modern Vitreo-Retinal Surgery Techniques 30
INTRODUCTION 30
MATERIALS AND METHODS 30
RESULTS 30
DISCUSSION 31
CONCLUSIONS 33
REFERENCES 33
Diagnosis and Control by Using Biomarkers 34
INTRODUCTION 34
MATERIALS AND METHODS 34
CONCLUSIONS 38
REFERENCES 38
Patient Simulation Experience in Family Medicine Residents Education 40
INTRODUCTION 40
MATERIALS AND METHODS 41
RESULTS 41
DISCUSSIONS 42
CONCLUSIONS 43
REFERENCES 43
Assessing Glycemic Control in Diabetes: From Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose to Continuous Glucose Monitoring System 44
INTRODUCTION 44
OBJECTIVES 45
STUDIED GROUP AND METHODS 45
RESULTS 45
DISCUSSIONS 46
CONCLUSIONS 46
REFERENCES 47
Transformation of Micro-radio-Photography System into X-Ray Standard System with Applications in Romania 48
INTRODUCTION 48
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION 49
THE NEW DESIGN OF TEMCO GRX-04 50
USED PRESCRIPTIONS 51
CONCLUSIONS 51
REFERENCES 51
Digital Simulation for Computer Control of Radiological Devices: A Preliminary Model Using Partial Differential Equations 52
INTRODUCTION 52
PROPOSED CONTROL SCHEME OF RADIOLOGICAL PROPAGATION 54
ANALOGICAL MODELING BY ( $M_{dpx}$ ) AND DIGITAL SIMULATION BY ( $M_{dpx}$ ) ASSOCIATED WITH TAYLOR SERIES 54
COMPUTER SIMULATED CASE STUDY 55
CONCLUSIONS 57
REFERENCES 57
Trust and Reputation in e-Health Systems 58
INTRODUCTION 58
TELEMON – GENERAL ARCHITECTURE 58
TRUST AND REPUTATION MANAGEMENT MODULE 59
CONCLUSIONS 63
REFERENCES 63
Home Monitoring Device for Cardiovascular Diseases 64
INTRODUCTION 64
MATERIALS AND METHODS 64
RESULTS 67
CONCLUSIONS 67
REFERENCES 67
EKG Monitoring on the Mobile Phone Using Bluetooth Transmission 68
INTRODUCTION 68
METHOD AND RESULTS 68
CONCLUSIONS 70
REFERENCES 71
Dynamic Service Composition for Plug-and-Play Medical Devices 72
INTRODUCTION 72
STATE OF THE ART 73
PROPOSED SOLUTION 74
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 76
CONCLUSIONS 77
REFERENCES 77
Database Design Patterns for Healthcare Information Systems 78
INTRODUCTION 78
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF OUR PROJECT, IN TERMS OF INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 78
THE DATABASE DESIGN 79
CONCLUSIONS 81
REFERENCES 81
Multi-Agent Model for a Mobile Hospital Logistic System 82
INTRODUCTION 82
THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 83
THE MOBILE HOSPITAL LOGISTIC SYSTEM 84
CONCLUSIONS 87
REFERENCES 87
The Role of Information Technology in Health Education: Strengths and Weaknesses 88
INTRODUCTION 88
MATERIAL AND METHODS 89
RESULTS 89
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 91
REFERENCES 91
Effectiveness of Charismatic Leadership in Romanian Hospitals 92
INTRODUCTION 92
THEORETICAL MODEL 92
METHODOLOGY 93
FINDINGS 93
DISCUSSIONS 94
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 95
REFERENCES 95
Core Decisional Values in Romanian Hospitals Leadership 96
INTRODUCTION 96
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 96
METHODOLOGY 97
FINDINGS 97
DISCUSSIONS 98
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 99
REFERENCES 99
External Marketing Environment as Perceived by Managers from Romanian Hospitals 100
INTRODUCTION 100
METHODOLOGY 101
FINDINGS 102
DISCUTIONS 102
CONCLUSIONS 103
REFERENCES 103
Modified Screen Printed Electrodes for the Development of Biosensors 104
INTRODUCTION 104
MATERIALS AND METHODS 104
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 105
CONCLUSIONS 107
REFERENCES 107
Electromyographic Response for Grip Exercise 108
INTRODUCTION 108
EQUIPMENTS AND METHODS 109
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 110
CONCLUSIONS 111
REFERENCES 111
Patient Movement Monitoring and Respiration Rate Analysis with an Acceleration Sensor 112
INTRODUCTION 112
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 112
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 114
CONCLUSIONS 115
REFERENCES 115
A Study about Human Eyes Wavefront Aberrations Capture and Correction 116
INTRODUCTION 116
THE EYES ABERATIONS 116
THE EYES ABERATIONS CORRECTION 118
CONCLUSIONS 119
REFERENCES 119
Anthropometric Measurements for Assessment of Body Fat in Young People 120
INTRODUCTION 120
MATERIAL AND METHODS 120
RESULTS 121
DISCUSIONS 122
CONCLUSIONS 123
REFERENCES 123
Electromagnetic Fields of MRI Scanners and Human Exposure Safety 124
INTRODUCTION 124
TECHNICAL AND STATISTICAL DATA REGARDING EMF EXPOSURE AT MRI UNITS 125
HEALTH PROTECTION AND REGULATIONS 128
CONCLUSIONS 128
REFERENCES 129
How Biomedical Technology Becomes Nowadays a Main Actor in Prevention and Control of Hypertension 130
INTRODUCTION 130
MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE IN OFFICE, AT HOME OR RECURRENTLY 131
TECHNOLOGY 131
VALIDATION OF THE AUTOMATIC DEVICES 133
CONCLUSIONS 134
REFERENCES 135
Dynamic Shielding in Biomagnetism 136
INTRODUCTION 136
THE INSTALLATION 136
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 138
CONCLUSIONS 139
REFERENCES 139
Automated Method for Computing Peak Area on a Drifted Baseline Signal 140
INTRODUCTION 140
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD 140
CONCLUSIONS 142
REFERENCES 143
Technical Performance for Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus 144
INTRODUCTION 144
STUDY GROUP AND METHOD 145
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 146
REFERENCES 146
Wireless Monitoring of S_{a}O_{2} in Chronic Disease 148
INTRODUCTION 148
METHODOLOGY 148
RESULTS 150
CONCLUSIONS 151
REFERENCES 151
Design of a Heart Rate Monitor Device 152
INTRODUCTION 152
HEART RATE MONITOR DEVICE – CHALLENGES 153
WHAT WE HAVE DONE 156
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 157
REFERENCES 157
Positioning System for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 158
INTRODUCTION 158
DETERMINATION OF STIMULATION POINTS 158
POSITIONING SYSTEM 159
CONCLUSIONS 161
REFERENCES 161
A Model of Selective Left VNS and Recording in a Man 162
INTRODUCTION 162
METHODS AND RESULTS 162
CONCLUSIONS 164
REFERENCES 165
Enhancing the Human Reactivity by Using the Negative Air Ions Generators 166
INTRODUCTION 166
OBJECTIVES 167
MATERIAL AND METHODS 167
RESULTS 168
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUTIONS 169
REFERENCES 170
Using the Negative Air Generators to Improve the Animal Reactivity 172
INTRODUCTION 172
OBJECTIVES 173
MATERIAL AND METHODS 173
RESULTS 174
DISCUTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 175
REFERENCES 177
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Elicit Changes in Motor Cortex Excitability during Haptic Training 178
INTRODUCTION 178
METHODS 178
RESULTS 179
DISCUSSIONS 180
REFERENCES 181
Modulation of Stimulation Frequency of Spinal Cord Afferents with Constant Electrode Site and Stimulus Intensity Can Induce a Variety of Movements 182
INTRODUCTION 182
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 184
REFERENCES 185
Development of a Control System for a Parallel Robot Used in Minimally Invasive Surgery 186
INTRODUCTION 186
STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION OF THE PARAMIS PARALLEL ROBOT 187
THE ACTUATION, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE PARAMIS ROBOT 188
THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND THE CONTROL SYSTEM 189
THE USER INTERFACE 190
CONCLUSIONS 191
REFERENCES 191
Virtual Reality Simulation of Tetrobot Parallel Robot for Medical Applications 192
INTRODUCTION 192
DESIGN OF TETROBOT 192
SIMULATION WITH VIRTUAL REALITY 194
CONCLUSIONS 195
REFERENCES 195
Transmit Frequency Optimization for Ultrasound Constrast Agent Response 196
INTRODUCTION 196
METHODES AND MATERIALS 196
RESULTS 198
DISCUSSIONS 199
CONCLUSIONS 199
REFERENCES 199
Estimating Fetal Heart Rate from Multiple Ultrasound Signals 200
INTRODUCTION 200
EQUIPMENT 200
METHODOLOGY 200
FETAL HEART RATE ESTMATION 201
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 204
PERSPECTIVES 205
REFERENCES 205
Estimating Activation of Denervated, Degenerated Muscle after Functional Electrical Stimulation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging 206
INTRODUCTION 206
MATERIALS AND METHODS 206
RESULTS 208
CONCLUSION 208
REFERENCES 209
Microwaves and Infrared Thermography – Applications in Early Breast Cancer Detection 210
INTRODUCTION 210
THEORETICAL BASIS OF MICROWAVES RADIOMETRY 210
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 212
CASE STUDIES 212
CONCLUSIONS 213
REFERENCES 213
Principal Component Analysis of Eye-Tracking Data during Visual Perception of Human Faces in Adults and Children with Autism 214
INTRODUCTION 214
METHODS AND MATERIALS 214
RESULTS 217
DISCUSSIONS 218
CONCLUSIONS 219
REFERENCES 219
Architecture of an on Electrode Integrated Electronics with an All Digital Interface for Electrical Impedance Tomography 220
INTRODUCTION 220
GENERAL EIT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OUTLINE 220
LOW SILICON AREA DIRECT DIGITAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS 221
HIGH OUTPUT IMPEDANCE CURRENT SOURCE 222
COMUNICATION AND INTEGRATION IN THE SYSTEM 223
CONCLUSIONS 223
REFERENCES 223
Conscience and Consciousness in Biomedical Engineering Science and Practice 224
THE SOCIETY OF CONSCIENCE 224
CONSCIENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS 225
ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS 226
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND CONSCIOUSNESS TOPICS 227
CONCLUSIONS 229
REFERENCES 229
Monitoring Neuromuscular Fatigue through the Area/Amplitude Ratio Computed on the SEMG and MMG 230
INTRODUCTION 230
METHODS 231
CONCLUSIONS 232
REFERENCES 232
Numerical Representations in Alpha Satellite DNA Analysis 234
INTRODUCTION 234
ASSIGNMENT OF NUMERICAL VALUES 234
DNA SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 235
ALPHA SATELLITE DNA ANALYSIS 236
CONCLUSIONS 237
REFERENCES 237
DNA Cryptographic Algorithms 238
INTRODUCTION 238
PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY OF BINARY DATA STORED AS DNA 238
DNA XOR ONE-TIME-PAD CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM USING TILES 239
CONCLUSIONS 241
REFERENCES 241
Efficient ECG Signal Parameters Extraction Using Multiresolution Analysis 242
INTRODUCTION 242
ECG PARAMETERS 242
MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS 243
MATERIALS AND METHODS 243
RESULTS 244
CONCLUSIONS 245
REFERENCES 245
EKG Analysis Using STFT Phase 246
INTRODUCTION 246
METHOD AND RESULTS 246
CONCLUSIONS 249
REFERENCES 249
Analysis of ECG Signals and Their Automatic Classification 250
INTRODUCTION 250
THE ECG MORPHOLOGY 250
DATA REDUCTION TECHNIQUE 251
A DATABASE FOR THE AUTOMATIC EVALUATION OF THE ECG SIGNAL 252
CONCLUSIONS 253
REFERENCES 253
Voice Biometric System 254
INTRODUCTION 254
BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE METHOD 254
BIOMETRIC SYSTEM OVERVIEW 255
THE SOFTWARE APPLICATION 256
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 257
REFERENCES 257
Colors Vision Analysis for a Normal Viewer and for a Daltonist 258
INTRODUCTION 258
COLOR VISION 259
SIMULATION RESULTS 260
CONCLUSIONS 261
REFERENCES 261
Rule-Based Methods for the Computer Assisted Diagnosis of Medical Images 262
INTRODUCTION 262
THE SELECTION OF IMAGE VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS 262
MAPPING VISUAL FEATURES TO SEMANTIC INDICATORS 263
RULE BASED MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS 263
EXPERIMENTS AND CONCLUSION 265
REFERENCES 265
Liver 3D Reconstruction Modalities – The First Step toward a Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Simulator 266
INTRODUCTION 266
IMAGE ACQUISITION PROTOCOLS 267
LIVER 3D RECONSTRUCTION 268
CONCLUSIONS 270
REFERENCES 271
3D Rendering of Radiological Images Using Java Secure Technologies 272
INTRODUCTION 272
SYSTEMS DEVELOPED FOR 3D RENDERING 272
SEGMENTATION OF SLICE IMAGES 272
VISUALIZATION IN MEDICAL IMAGING 273
THE PRESENTATION OF 3D MEDIR APPLICATION 274
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 275
REFERENCES 275
Fourier Domain – Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosing and Monitoring of Retinal Diseases 276
INTRODUCTION 276
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 276
MATERIALS AND METHODS 276
RESULTS 277
DISCUSSION 280
CONCLUSIONS 280
REFERENCES 281
Classification of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Ultrasound Images Based on the Imagistic Textural Model of This Tumor 282
INTRODUCTION 282
THE LIVER TUMORS AND THEIR VISUAL ASPECT IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES 282
EXISTING METHODS FOR FEATURE SELECTION AND TEXTURE-BASED RECOGNITION IN MEDICAL IMAGES 283
THE PROPOSED SOLUTION: THE IMAGISTIC TEXTURAL MODEL OF HCC 283
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 285
CONCLUSIONS 287
REFERENCES 287
Deformable Variational Models Used in Medical Imaging 288
INTRODUCTION 288
VARIATIONAL MODELS 289
PROJECTION OPERATORS IN RECONSTRUCTION METHODS 290
FINITE DIFFERENCE DISCRETIZATION 291
APPLICATIONS OF BOUNDARIES DETECTION IN 2D AND 3D ECHOGRAPHIC MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING 291
CONCLUSIONS 293
REFERENCES 293
Optical Multi-touch System for Patient Monitoring and Medical Data Analysis 294
INTRODUCTION 294
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESIGN ASPECTS 294
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND USABILITY 295
CONCLUSIONS 297
REFERENCES 297
Determination of Wall Strain in Model Cerebral Aneurysms by Image Registration 298
INTRODUCTION 298
MATERIALS AND METHODS 298
RESULTS 300
CONCLUSIONS 301
REFERENCES 301
Organ Confinement of Prostate Cancer: Neural Networks Assisted Prediction 302
INTRODUCTION 302
MATERIAL AND METHODS 303
SIMULATIONS RESULTS 304
CONCLUSIONS 304
REFERENCES 305
An Overview on Mathematical Models of Human Corneal Surface 306
INTRODUCTION 306
MATHEMATICAL MODELS 306
CONCLUSIONS 309
REFERENCES 309
ALE Formulation and WEB-Method Approximation for a Fluid Structure Interaction Problem on Carotids 310
INTRODUCTION 310
ARBITRARY LAGRANGIAN EULERIAN METHODOLOGY 311
WEB SPLINE FINITE ELEMENTS FOR ALE FORMULATION 311
CONCLUSIONS 312
REFERENCES 313
The Design of an Adapted Osteosynthesis Implant for Fibula’ Fracture 314
INTRODUCTION 314
MEDICAL IMAGE MODELING TO OBTAIN 3D MODEL OF FIBULA BONE 314
OPTIMISED MEDICAL IMPLANT FOR FIBULA’S FRACTURE 315
CONCLUSIONS 317
REFERENCES 317
Analysis of an Adapted Osteosynthesis Implant for Fibula’s Fracture Using Finite Element Method 318
INTRODUCTION 318
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR FIBULA’S OSTEOSYNTHESIS 318
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 321
REFERENCES 321
Enzyme-Synthetic Inhibitor Specific Interactions Study by a New Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Method 322
INTRODUCTION 322
PURPOSE 322
MATERIAL AND METHODS 322
RESULTS 323
DISCUSSIONS 324
CONCLUSIONS 325
REFERENCES 325
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fibroblast Growth Factors Receptors Activation 326
INTRODUCTION 326
MATHERIAL AND METHODS 327
RESULTS 327
CONCLUSIONS 328
REFERENCES 329
Mathematical Modeling of Human Ventricular Action Potentials 330
INTRODUCTION 330
ACTION POTENTIAL MODELING 330
CONCLUSIONS 333
REFERENCES 333
COAST: Modelling Restenosis and Stent Based Therapies 334
INTRODUCTION 334
MATERIALS AND METHODS 335
RESULTS 336
DISCUSSION 336
CONCLUSIONS 337
REFERENCES 337
Analog Modeling and Numeric Simulation of the Van der Pol Equation with Variable Parameters (a and ß) 338
INTRODUCTION 338
SIMULATION STAGES 338
LOGIC SCHEME 339
EXAMPLES 340
CONCLUSIONS 341
REFERENCES 341
Matlab Modelling of Nerve Fiber Activation by Magnetic Stimulation 342
INTRODUCTION 342
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 342
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 344
CONCLUSIONS 346
REFERENCES 347
3D Modeling of the Induced Electric Field of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 348
INTRODUCTION 348
METHODS 349
SIMULATION RESULTS 350
CONCLUSIONS 353
REFERENCES 353
Artificial Intelligence Techniques Applied to Electromagnetic Interference Problems 354
INTRODUCTION 354
NEURAL NETWORK CONCEPTS 354
PROBLEM DESCRIBTION 356
NEURAL NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION 357
NUMERICAL RESULTS 358
CONCLUTIONS 359
REFERENCES 359
Analysis of Several FEM Models for the Assessment of the Human Head Exposure to Microwaves 360
INTRODUCTION 360
MATERIALS AND METHODS 360
RESULTS 362
COMMENTS 364
CONCLUSIONS 364
REFERENCES 365
Towards a New Concept: Electromagnetic Biocompatibility 366
INTRODUCTION 366
EMC VERSUS EMBC 366
ELF MAGNETIC FIELDS AND HEALTH EFFECTS 367
BETTER PREVENT THAN CURE 368
CONCLUSIONS 369
REFERENCES 369
The Electromagnetic Threat in the Today’s Environment 370
INTRODUCTION 370
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO LOW FREQUENCY AND HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 371
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 372
CONCLUSIONS 373
REFERENCES 373
CFD Simulation of the Portal Vein Blood Flow 374
INTRODUCTION 374
PAPER APPROACH 375
CONCLUSIONS 377
REFERENCES 377
Closure Mechanics of Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses – Experimental and Computational Analysis 378
INTRODUCTION 378
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 378
NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDIES 381
CONCLUSIONS 383
REFERENCES 383
Reverse Engineering of Some Cardiovascular Devices 384
INTRODUCTION 384
METHODS 385
CONCLUSIONS 387
REFERENCES 387
Computational Modeling of Arterial Blood Flow 388
INTRODUCTION 388
THE GEOMETRY 388
THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE FLOW 390
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 390
CONCLUSIONS 392
REFERENCES 393
Research about Precision Casting of Removable-Fixed Ensemble Applied in Dental Prosthodontics 394
INTRODUCTION 394
RESEARCH OBJECTIV 395
MATERIALS AND METHDODS 395
DISCUSSIONS 397
CONCLUSION 397
REFERENCES 397
Computer Technologies Applied in Orthodontic Biomechanical Analysis 398
INTRODUCTION 398
MATERIAL AND METHODS 398
RESULTS 399
DISCUSSION 401
CONCLUSIONS 401
REFERENCES 401
Experimental Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement 402
INTRODUCTION 402
EXPERIMENTAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL 403
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT BEHAVIOR 403
GENERAL REMARKS 404
CONCLUSIONS 405
REFERENCES 405
Cervical Spine Mobility Using 3D Ultrasound-Based Measuring System 406
INTRODUCTION 406
MATERIAL AND METHODS 406
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 407
CONCLUSIONS 409
REFERENCES 409
Diffusion Convection in a Vertical Rectangular Porous Cavity 410
INTRODUCTION 410
PHYSICAL MODEL AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS 410
NUMERICAL METHOD 411
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 411
CONCLUSION 413
REFERENCES 413
Designing and Implementing a Human Hand Prosthesis 414
INTRODUCTION 414
MATERIALS AND METHODS 415
RESULTS 417
DISCUSSION 417
CONCLUSIONS 418
REFERENCES 419
Development of an Active Upper-Limb Orthosis 420
INTRODUCTION 420
BIOMECHANICAL ISSUES 420
THE DEVELOPED ORTHOSIS 421
CONCLUSIONS 423
REFERENCES 423
Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) versus Condylar Blade Plate (CBP) in Complex Supracondylar Femoral Fractures – A Biomechanical Study 424
INTRODUCTION 424
PURPOSE 424
MATERIAL AND METHODS 424
RESULTS 425
DISCUSSIONS 427
CONCLUSIONS 427
REFERENCES 427
Minimally Invasive Surgery by Angular Stability Systems in Proximal Tibia Fractures – Biomechanical Characteristics and Preliminary Results 428
INTRODUCTION 428
PURPOSE 428
MATERIAL AND METHODS 428
RESULTS 431
DISCUSSIONS 431
CONCLUSIONS 431
REFERENCES 431
Estimating Dynamic Properties of Denervated Muscles with the Pendulum Test 432
INTRODUCTION 432
METHODS 432
MODELING AND ANALYSIS 433
RESULTS 434
DISCUSSION 434
REFERENCES 435
Author Index 436
Keyword Index 439