Nanowelded Carbon Nanotubes (eBook)

Foreword 6
Preface 9
Contents 11
1 Carbon Nanotube Structure, Electronic, and Transport Properties 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 15
1.2.1 Vector Notation and Structure Type of Carbon Nanotubes 15
1.2.2 Metallic and Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes 16
1.3 Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 17
1.3.1 Dispersion Relation of SWCNTs 17
1.3.2 Band Structure of SWCNTs 18
1.3.3 Density of State for SWCNTs 21
1.4 Transport in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 22
1.5 Conclusion 24
References 25
2 Synthesis and Purification of Carbon Nanotubes 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Synthesis Methods of Carbon Nanotubes 28
2.2.1 Arc Discharge Method 28
2.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method 31
2.2.3 Laser Ablation Method 33
2.3 Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes 34
2.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotubes 35
2.4.1 Purification Method 35
2.4.2 Purification Effect 36
2.5 Conclusion 39
References 40
3 Directed Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes 42
3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 AC Electric Field-Assisted Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes 43
3.2.1 AC Dielectrophoresis Method of SWCNTs 43
3.2.2 Solubility and Dispersivity of Surface Modified SWCNTs 43
3.2.3 Directed Alignment Effect of SWCNTs 45
3.2.4 Electrical Characteristics of Aligned SWCNTs 47
3.3 Langmuir–Blodgett Technique for the Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes 48
3.3.1 Langmuir–Blodgett Method 49
3.3.2 Alignment Effect of Langmuir–Blodgett Method 50
3.3.3 Polarized Raman Spectroscopy of Aligned SWCNTs 54
3.3.4 Alignment Mechanism of Langmuir–Blodgett Method 55
3.4 Conclusion 56
References 56
4 Ultrasonic Nanowelding Technology Between Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Electrodes 58
4.1 Introduction 58
4.2 Conventional Fabrication Method of Carbon Nanotube/Metal Contacts 59
4.3 Ultrasonic Nanowelding Technology of Carbon Nanotubesto Metal Electrodes 61
4.3.1 Process of Ultrasonic Nanowelding 61
4.3.2 Effect of Ultrasonic Nanowelding 62
4.3.3 Nature of Nanowelded Carbon Nanotube/Metal Contacts 64
4.4 Characteristics of Nanowelded Carbon Nanotube/Metal Contacts 65
4.4.1 Electrical Characteristics of Nanowelded MetallicSWCNTs 65
4.4.2 Electrical Characteristics of Nanowelded Semiconducting SWCNTs 68
4.4.3 Barrier of Nanowelded Contacts 69
4.4.4 Mechanical Strength of Nanowelded Contacts 70
4.5 Conclusion 72
References 73
5 Nanowelded Multichannel Carbon-Nanotube Field-EffectTransistors (MC-CNTFETs) 74
5.1 Introduction 74
5.2 Present Optimization Methods for CNTFETs 75
5.2.1 Decrease the Contact Resistance Between SWCNTsand Metal Electrodes 76
5.2.2 Increase the Tuning Efficiency of Gate to SWCNTChannels 76
5.2.3 Shorten the SWCNT Channel Length 80
5.2.4 Adopt the Optimized Device Structure 80
5.3 NonNanowelded MC-CNTFETs 82
5.3.1 Device Fabrication 82
5.3.2 Device Characteristics 85
5.3.3 Device Reliability 88
5.4 Nanowelded MC-CNTFETs 88
5.4.1 Device Fabrication Processes 88
5.4.2 Nanowelded p-type MC-CNTFETs 90
5.4.3 Nanowelded n-Type MC-CNTFETs 91
5.4.4 SWCNT Complementary Logic Inverters 92
5.5 Conclusion 93
References 93
6 Carbon-Nanotube Solar Photovoltaic Microcells with Nanowelded Contacts 96
6.1 Introduction 96
6.2 Traditional Application of Carbon Nanotubes in SolarPhotovoltaic Cells 97
6.2.1 Using Carbon Nanotubes as Transport Path 97
6.2.2 Using Carbon Nanotubes as Transparent Electrodes 99
6.3 Fabrication of Nanowelded Carbon-Nanotube Solar Photovoltaic Microcells 101
6.4 Characteristics of Nanowelded Carbon-Nanotube Solar Photovoltaic Microcells 103
6.4.1 Photovoltaic Effect of the Device 103
6.4.2 Physical Mechanism of the Device 104
6.4.3 Power Conversion Efficiency of the Device 105
6.5 Simulation of Carbon-Nanotube Solar Photovoltaic Microcells 106
6.6 Conclusion 110
References 111
Index 113