Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2008 (eBook)

Preface 5
Public Financers 7
Supporting Organisations 7
Co- Organisators 7
Honorary Commitee 8
Steering Commitee 9
Table of Contents 10
Market 14
Advanced Safety Systems – The Opportunity for Semiconductor Vendors 15
Abstract 15
1 The Growth in Safety Electronics 15
2 The Importance of New Features to OEMs 16
3 What Is the Significance for the Automotive Semiconductor Market? 17
6 Conclusions 19
References 19
Safety 21
Dual Frequency Methods for Identifying Hidden Targets in Road Traffic 23
Abstract 23
1 Introduction 23
2 Wave Propagation Effects 24
3 The RF-Power Measurement System 25
4 Detection in Case of Single Objects in the Signal Path 26
5 Detection of Hidden Targets in Road Traffic Scenarios 28
5 Conclusion 31
References 32
Multi Spectral Pedestrian Detection and Localization 33
Abstract 33
1 Introduction 33
2 Multi-Spectral Stereo Algorithm 34
3 Classification 41
4 Sensor Configuration 42
5 Results 42
6 Conclusions and Future Work 45
References 46
Car Driver Monitoring by Networking Vital Data 49
Abstract 49
1 Introduction 49
2 Previous Works 50
3 ECG Sensor: State of the Art 51
4 Adopted Solution 55
5 Conclusions 58
References 59
MDSI Range Camera Calibration 61
Abstract 61
1 Introduction 61
2 Hardware Setup 64
3 Calibration Procedure 66
4 Experimental Results 68
5 Conclusions 72
Acknowlegdments 72
References 72
Laserscanner Based Cooperative Pre-Data-Fusion 75
Abstract 75
1 Introduction 75
2 Cooperative Pre-Data Fusion 76
3. System and Data Fusion Architecture 76
4 Project Progress 82
5 Conclusion 82
Acknowledgement 82
References 83
Satellite-Based System for Predictive Control in Vehicles and its Field of Applications 85
Abstract 85
1 Introduction 85
2 System Description 88
4 Field of Applications for ADAS with Predictive Preview 95
5 Summary and Outlook 101
References 102
Results of the EC-Project INTERSAFE 103
Abstract 103
1 Introduction 103
2 INTERSAFE Concept & Vision
3 Demonstrator 104
4 Localization of the Host Vehicle 105
5 Object Detection, Tracking and Classification 106
6 Validation Methodology 106
7 Validation Results 107
8 Conclusions 113
References 113
Powertrain 115
Crank Angle Resolved Determination of Fuel- Concentration and Air/ Fuel Ratio in a SI- Production Engine by Using a Modified Optical Spark Plug 117
Abstract 117
1 Introduction 117
2 Infrared Absorption Method 119
3 Experimental Setup 121
3 Measurements 123
4 Summary and Conclusions 135
References 136
Two-Line LIF-Emission Thermometry for Gas- Temperature Determination in IC- Engines 139
Abstract 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Measurement Method 140
3 Measuring System 141
4 Fiber-optical Sensor System 145
5 Summary 148
References 149
Comfort and HMI 151
Human Vehicle Interaction Based On Electric Field Sensing 153
Abstract 153
1 Introduction 153
2 Previous Work 153
3 Electric Field Sensing Modes of Operation 154
4 System Hardware 155
5 Automotive EFS Applications 156
6 Limitations of Electric Field Sensing 164
7 Future Research and Conclusion 165
References 166
Networked Vehicle 167
Automotive 1 Gbit/s Link Goes Standard 169
Abstract 169
1 Introduction 169
2 APIX Technology 170
3 APIX - Automotive System Concepts 172
4 Validation 173
5 Conclusion 175
References 175
Components and Generic Sensor Technologies 177
Imaging Millimeter Wave Radar with Phased Array Antenna 179
Abstract 179
1 Introduction and Technical Objectives 179
2 Device Layout and Pre-Evaluation of Core Components 180
3 Application and Product-Related Objectives 183
4 System Design and Simulation Results 185
5 Conclusions and Outlook 190
Acknowledgements 191
References 191
Tungsten- Titanium as Advanced Material for RF-MEMS Switches 193
Abstract 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Fabrication Process 194
3 Results 195
3.2 Temperature Stability 197
5 Conclusions and Outlook 200
Acknowledgements 200
References 201
Local Modification of Fired LTCC Substrates for High Frequency Applications 203
Abstract 203
1 Introduction 203
2 Experimental Details 205
3 Results and Discussion 207
4 Conclusions and Outlook 213
Acknowledgements 214
References 214
Determination of Complex Permittivity of LRR Radome Materials Using a Scalar Quasi- Optical Measurement System 217
Abstract 217
1 Introduction 217
2 Measuring Setup 218
3 Theoretical Outline 219
4 Results 221
References 222
Speed Sensors for Automotive Applications Based on Integrated GMR Technology 223
Abstract 223
1 Introduction 223
2 The GMR Effect and the Spin Valve Configuration 224
3 Concept of the Sensor 226
4 GMR Sensor for ABS and Crank Shaft Position 228
5 GMR Sensor with Backbias Magnet 234
6 Lifetime Measurements 236
7 Summary 238
References 238
Micro-Rotation Angle Sensor with Integrated Hall IC 241
Abstract 241
1 Background of Sensor Development 241
2 Concept for Improvement of Sensor Sensitivity 243
4 Sensor as Devised 244
4 Actually Applied Sensor Structure 246
5 Magnetic Field Simulation Analysis 247
6 Conclusions 248
References 249
Scaled Test Bed for Automotive Experiments: Evaluation of Single Accelerometer Electronic Stability Control 251
Abstract 251
1 Introduction 251
2 System’s Implementation 253
3 Vehicle Dynamics and Stabilization Algorithm 256
4 Real Environment Evaluation 263
5 Conclusions and Future Work 267
6 Acknowledgements 268
References 268
A New Micromechanical Pressure Sensor for Automotive Airbag Applications 271
Abstract 271
1 Introduction 272
2 Basic Aspects of Using Pressure Sensors in Restraint Systems 273
3 Mounting and Environmental Requirements 277
4 PPS2 Assembly and Mechanical Interface 278
5 Sensor module SMD187 282
6 Technical Features and Characteristics 287
7 Diagnostic Concept 293
8 Summary 294
References 295
Trusting Your Senses 297
Abstract 297
1 Introduction 297
2 Redundancy – The Limited Option 299
3 High Integrity Rate Sensing 300
4 Summary and Conclusion 310
Appendix A 311
List of Contributors 313
Appendix B 315
List of Keywords 317