Languages for System Specification (eBook)

Contents 5
Preface 8
I UML-BASED SYSTEM SPECIFICATION & DESIGN
Chapter 1 UML-BASED CO-DESIGN FOR RUN-TIME RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURES 13
1. Introduction 13
2. UML-Based Co-Design Approach 15
2.1 Motivation 15
2.2 Activities and Artifacts 16
3. System Specification 17
3.1 Platform Independent Model 17
3.2 MOCCA Action Language 18
4. Platform Mapping 19
4.1 Activities and Artifacts 19
4.2 Target Platform Model 20
4.3 Hardware Platform Mapping 20
4.4 Software Platform Mapping 23
5. Synthesis 24
6. Conclusions and Future Work 25
References 26
Chapter 2 A UNIFIED APPROACH TO CODE GENERATION FROM BEHAVIORAL DIAGRAMS 28
1. Introduction 28
2. The Rialto Intermediate Language 30
2.1 Syntax 30
2.2 Operational Semantics 32
2.3 Scheduling Semantics 33
3. Representing UML models in Rialto 34
3.1 Statecharts 34
3.2 Activity Diagrams 36
3.3 Collaboration Diagrams 36
3.4 Automatic UML to Rialto Translation 38
4. Animation and Code generation 39
5. Conclusions 40
References 40
Chapter 3 PLATFORM-INDEPENDENT DESIGN FOR EMBEDDED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 42
1. Introduction 43
2. The Dream: Platform-Independent Design 44
3. Comparison of several design approaches for embedded RT systems 46
3.1 Expressive power 47
3.2 Platform-independent semantics 47
3.3 Modularity support 48
3.4 Correctness-preserving transformation 49
4. Towards Platform-independent Design 51
4.1 POOSL 52
4.2 Rotalumis 52
5. Conclusions 54
Notes 55
References 55
Chapter 4 REAL-TIME SYSTEM MODELING WITH ACCORD/UML METHODOLOGY 58
1. Introduction 58
2. Case study 60
3. Preliminary Analysis Model (PAM) 61
4. Detailed Analysis Model (DAM) 66
5. Validation by Prototyping (PrM) and Testing (TeM) 73
6. Conclusion and ongoing research projects 74
References 76
Chapter 5 UML-BASED SPECIFICATIONS OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM ORIENTED TO HW/SW PARTITIONING 78
1. Introduction 78
2. Why Hardware and Software Co-design starting from UML 79
3. Case Study: Problem description 81
3.1 Objective 81
3.2 The operational scenario 81
3.3 The project constraints 83
4. WMR System-level Specification with UML 84
4.1 Use Case diagrams 84
4.2 Sequence Diagrams 85
4.3 Object Model Diagram 87
5. UML-based Hardware and Software Partitioning Approach 88
5.1 STEP 1: Assign the "Partitionable" stereotype to desired objects, object types and packages 88
5.2 STEP 2: Assign parameter’s constraints 89
5.3 STEP 3: Parse the UML saved files 89
5.4 STEP 4: Assign parameters to components from a repository or attribute parameters by hand 90
5.5 STEP 5: Decide cost function to give weights to parameters 90
5.6 STEP 6: Run the partitioning tool 90
6. Concluding Remarks 90
References 91
II C-BASED SYSTEM DESIGN 92
Chapter 6 SPACE: A HARDWARE/SOFTWARE SYSTEMC MODELING PLATFORM INCLUDING AN RTOS 96
1. Introduction 96
2. RelatedWorks and objectives 98
3. SPACE and its methodology 100
4. Embedded Software environment 101
4.1 SystemC API 102
4.2 The RTOS 103
5. Hardware support 103
5.1 Abstraction level 103
5.2 UTF Channel 104
5.3 TF Channel 104
6. An example and its simulation results 106
7. Conclusion and future works 107
References 108
Chapter 7 LAERTE++: AN OBJECT ORIENTED HIGH-LEVEL TPG FOR SYSTEMC DESIGNS 110
1. Introduction 110
2. Laerte++ Philosophy 112
2.1 Laerte++ architecture 113
2.2 Testing procedure set-up 113
2.3 Additional features 114
3. Fault Injector 115
3.1 Definition of new fault models 115
4. TPG Engine 116
5. Applicability Example 120
6. Concluding Remarks 121
References 121
Chapter 8 A CASE STUDY: SYSTEMC-BASED DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE CONTROL UNIT 123
1. Introduction 124
2. Exposure Control Unit 125
3. SystemC Modeling and Refinement Process 127
4. Automated Fixed-Point to Integer Conversion 132
5. Experimental Results and Experiences 134
6. Conclusion 135
References 136
Chapter 9 MODELING OF CSP, KPN AND SR SYSTEMS WITH SYSTEMC 137
Introduction 137
1. Embedded system speci.cation in SystemC 139
1.1 Specification Structure 139
1.2 System specification 140
2. Modeling of CSP, KPN and SR systems 143
2.1 Modeling of CSP systems 143
2.2 Modeling of KPN systems 146
2.3 Modeling of SR systems 148
3. Conclusions 150
References 151
Chapter 10 ON HARDWARE DESCRIPTION IN ECL 153
1. Introduction 153
2. Overview of ECL 156
3. HW/SW Co-Design Flow with ECL 156
3.1 Specification and Refinement 157
3.2 Hardware Synthesis 159
4. Case Study: A Simple Processor 161
4.1 Processor Description 161
4.2 ECL Module Structure 162
4.3 Processor Synthesis Results 164
5. Conclusion 164
References 166
III ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL SYSTEMS 167
Chapter 11 RULES FOR ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VHDL-AMS MODELING 171
1. Introduction 171
2. Simulation problem 172
2.1 Elaboration of the analog part 172
2.2 Characterization of solutions 174
3. Modeling rules 176
3.1 General rules 176
3.2 Initialization phase 177
3.3 Time domain simulation 180
3.4 Rules for mixed-signal models 181
4. Conclusion 183
References 183
Chapter 12 A VHDL-AMS LIBRARY OF HIERARCHICAL OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE MODELS 185
Introduction 185
1. FromWAN to SAN 186
2. CAD tools for optoelectronic systems 186
2.1 Behavioral modelling 187
3. A hierarchical library 188
4. Optoelectronic devices 188
4.1 Laser and MQW laser 188
4.2 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser : VCSEL 190
4.3 The optical fiber 192
4.4 The PIN photodiode 195
5. An optical link 196
5.1 Simulation results 197
5.2 Exploiting results 197
6. Conclusion and perspectives 198
6.1 Library development 199
6.2 VHDL-AMS limitations 199
6.3 Methodology conclusion 199
References 200
Chapter 13 TOWARDS HIGH-LEVEL ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL SYNTHESIS FROM VHDL-AMS SPECIFICATIONS 202
1. Introduction 202
2. VHDL-AMS Subset for Synthesis 205
3. High-Level Analog Synthesis 207
3.1 Tile Representation 209
4. Case Study 212
5. Conclusion 214
References 215
Chapter 14 RELIABILITY SIMULATION OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS WITH VHDL-AMS 218
1. Introduction 218
2. A degradation mechanism: hot carrier degradations 219
3. The reliability simulation today 220
4. Behavioural modelling for ageing simulation 222
5. Construction of the behavioural ageing model of a circuit 224
5.1 Organisation of the behavioural ageing model 224
5.2 Principle of the construction of the degradation model of circuit 225
5.3 Bias conditions analysis 225
5.4 The transistor ageing model 225
5.5 Sensitivity analysis 226
5.6 An OTA ageing behavioural model 228
5.7 Using the model for simulation 228
6. Conclusion 228
References 229
Chapter 15 EXTENDING SYSTEMC TO ANALOG MODELLING AND SIMULATION 230
1. Introduction 230
2. Description of Analog Modules in SystemC 231
3. Application Examples 236
3.1 RF transceiver 236
3.2 Mixed-Signal Fuzzy Controller 239
4. Conclusion 242
References 243
IV LANGUAGES FOR FORMAL METHODS 244
Chapter 16 LINKING ARCHITECTURAL AND COMPONENT LEVEL SYSTEM VIEWS BY ABSTRACT STATE MACHINES 247
1. Introduction 247
2. Relating high-level and component-level system views 249
2.1 The language of ASMs 250
2.2 Navigation between levels of detail 254
3. Submachine-based component concept 258
3.1 Operators for the Composition of Components 259
3.2 Speci.c ASM component concepts 262
3.3 Componentwise system development: an example 263
4. Conclusion 265
Notes 265
References 265
Chapter 17 A NEW TIME EXTENSION TO ?-CALCULUS BASED ON TIME CONSUMING TRANSITION SEMANTICS 270
1. Introduction 270
2. RelatedWork 271
3. Brief introduction to calculus 272
4. Time Consuming Transitions 273
5. Temporal properties of TLTS 278
6. Conclusion and Future Work 280
Notes 281
References 281
Chapter 18 MODELING CHP DESCRIPTIONS IN LABELED TRANSITIONS SYSTEMS FOR AN EFFICIENT FORMAL VALIDATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS CIRCUIT SPECIFICATIONS 283
1. Introduction 283
2. Translation from CHP to Petri Nets and IF 286
2.1 The Petri Nets and IF models 286
2.2 CHP components 287
2.3 CHP processes 288
2.4 Inter-process communications and probes 289
2.5 Optimizations 290
3. Performance study 291
4. Case study: a four-tap FIR Filter 295
4.1 Modeling the Filter in IF 295
4.2 Some verified properties 295
4.3 Verification by behavior reduction 296
4.4 Handling state explosion 297
5. Conclusion 297
References 297
Chapter 19 COMBINED FORMAL REFINEMENT AND MODEL CHECKING FOR REAL-TIME SYSTEMS VERIFICATION 299
1. Introduction 299
2. RelatedWork 300
3. Real-Time Model Checking with RAVEN 301
4. Refinement with B 302
5. Combined Model Checking and Refinement 303
5.1 The Echo Cancellation Unit 305
5.2 RIL Code Generation 306
5.3 B Generation 307
5.4 RIL Refinement 308
5.5 BT Generation 309
5.6 BT Refinement and C Code Generation 310
6. Experimental Results 310
7. Conclusions 311
References 312
Chapter 20 REFINEMENT OF HYBRID SYSTEMS 313
1. Introduction 313
2. HyCharts 316
3. Modeling Hybrid Control Systems with SystemC 322
4. Translation of discrete HyCharts to SystemC 324
5. Conclusion and Future Work 327
References 327
V APPLICATIONS AND NEW LANGUAGES 329
Chapter 21 AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 330
1. Introduction 330
2. Characteristics of Automotive Software Engineering 331
2.1 Observable Symptoms 332
2.2 Main Characteristics of ASE 335
3. The Demands for an Automotive Software Engineering Discipline 336
3.1 Process Paradigm 336
3.2 Requirements Engineering 337
3.3 Software Architecture & Design
3.4 Specification 340
3.5 Implementation 341
3.6 Test 341
3.7 Maintenance 342
4. Conclusion 343
References 343
Chapter 22 SYSTEMVERILOG 345
1. Introduction 345
2. Features of SystemVerilog 349
3. Challenges 351
4. Summary 353
Bibliography and Resources 353
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