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A Solar Hydrogen Energy System
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers (Verlag)
978-0-306-42150-1 (ISBN)
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1 Investigation, Evaluation, and Recovery Plan for an Ailing Energy Economy.- 1.1. Low Conversion Efficiency and the Effect of Power Plant Size on Cost.- 1.2. Cooling-Water Shortages Limit the Construction of New Power Plants near Population Centers.- 1.3. CO2 Pollution of the Atmosphere Threatens a Harmful Change of Climate.- 1.4. Cost of Long-Distance Energy Transfer through Pressure Gas Pipelines May Be Significantly Cheaper than the Cost of Electrical Transmission.- 1.5. Recent Advances toward a Hydrogen Technology.- 1.6. The Possible Structure of a Hydrogen Economy.- 1.7. Right Time for a Transition from a Hydrogen to a Solar-Hydrogen Economy.- 1.8. Conclusions.- References.- 2 The Hydrogen Economy.- 2.1. Causes of Prospective Energy and Raw Materials Shortages.- 2.2. Future Energy Sources and Their Media.- 2.3. Future Energy Medium.- 2.4. Origin of the Hydrogen-Economy Concept.- References.- 3 Time Frame for Building a Hydrogen Technology.- 3.1. Energy Supplies and Energy Consumption.- 3.2. Energy Needs in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 3.3. Exhaustion of the Primary Energy Carriers.- 3.4. Controlled Nuclear Fusion.- 3.5. Fast Breeder Reactor.- 3.6. Hydrogen Technology.- 3.7. Time Frame for the Introduction of a Hydrogen Technology.- References.- 4 Direct Energy Conversion.- 4.1. Conversion Instead of Production.- 4.2. Direct and Indirect Energy Conversion-The DEC Matrix.- 4.3. Selected Examples of Direct Energy Conversion Effects.- 4.4. Conversion (and Production) of Wind Energy.- 4.5. Photovoltaic Direct Energy Conversion.- 4.6. Thermoelectric Direct Energy Conversion Using the Seebeck Effect.- References.- 5 The Basis for the Use of Solar Energy.- 5.1. Characteristics of Solar Radiation.- 5.2. Population and Living Standards.- 5.3. Use of Solar Energy on a Small Scale.- 5.4. Methods for the Collection and Conversion of Solar Energy.- 5.5. Use of Oceanic Thermal Gradients.- 5.6. Silicon Protective-Layer Cells.- References.- 6 Solar Cells and Solar Power Stations.- 6.1. Technological Problems Associated with Lowering the Costs of Terrestrial Silicon Solar Cells.- 6.2. Fundamental Considerations of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells.- 6.3. Description of Silicon Manufacture.- 6.4. Long-lived Heterojunctions from Thin-layer Solar Cells Consisting of CdS-Cu2-xS.- 6.5. Service Life of Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells.- 6.6. Procedures for the Production of Thin-Layer Solar Cells from CdS-Cu2-xS.- 6.7. Solar Thermal Generating Stations with Optical Concentrators.- 6.8. One-Megawatt Solar Power Tower of the European Economic Community.- 6.9. 400 kWth High-Temperature Solar Experimental Plant at Georgia Institute of Technology.- 6.10. Solar Power Plants in the United States.- 6.11. Solar Satellite Power Stations.- References.- 7 The Photolytic Production of Hydrogen.- 7.1. The Production of Hydrogen by Means of the Photochemical Decomposition of Water in Plants.- 7.2. An Introduction to the Production of Hydrogen by the Photochemical Decompostion of Water Using Monomolecular Layers.- 7.3. Photoelectrochemical Production of Hydrogen.- References.- 8 The Electrolytic Process for the Production of Hydrogen.- 8.1. Thermodynamics of Water Decomposition.- 8.2. Construction of Practical Water Electrolyzers.- 8.3. Future Possibilities and New-Type Electrolyzers.- 8.4. Eloflux Water Electrolysis Cell.- 8.5. Thermochemical Processes.- 8.6. Conclusions.- References.- 9 The Transmission of Energy over Large Distances.- 9.1. Direct Transmission of Electrical Energy.- 9.2. Transmission through Directed Microwave Radiation.- 9.3. Transmission by Means of Hydrogen.- 9.4. Differences between Pipeline Networks for Natural Gas and for Hydrogen.- 9.5. Operating Hydrogen Pipelines and Other Networks.- 9.6. Distribution of Hydrogen in Transportable Steel Cylinders.- 9.7. Energy Storage and Transport with Liquid and Slush Hydrogen.- 9.8. Conclusions.- References.- 10 The Transmission of Hydrogen in High-Pressure Pipelines and the Storage of Hydrogen in Pipes.- 10.1. Calculations for a 2150-Kilometer Hydrogen Pipeline and Distribution Network with a Capacity of 1010 Nm3 H2 per Year and with Three Pressure Stations Used for Transmission at 100, 60, and 40 Atmospheres.- 10.2. Thermodynamic Optimization of Hydrogen Transport and Pipeline Storage.- 10.3. Quantitative Calculation of the Recovery of Energy.- References.- 11 The Storage of Hydrogen.- 11.1. Thermal Energy Storage.- 11.2. Electrochemical Energy Storage.- 11.3. Superconducting Magnets.- 11.4. Energy Storage in Flywheels.- 11.5. Storage of Hydrogen.- 11.6. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Safety Aspects of Using Hydrogen.- 12.1. Physical Data and Safety-Engineering Quantities.- 12.2. Physical Dangers.- 12.3. Chemical Dangers.- 12.4. Safety Instructions.- 12.5. Experience in Safety Aspects of Dealing with Hydrogen.- 12.6. Conclusions.- References.- 13 The Conversion of Hydrogen into Electricity by Means of Fuel Cells.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Highly Reversible Production of Electrical Energy from Hydrogen by Means of Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells.- 13.3. Schematic Construction of a Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell.- 13.4. Alkaline Low-Temperature Fuel Cells with Raney Catalysts.- 13.5. Medium-Temperature Fuel Cells with Phosphoric Acid Electrolyte.- 13.6. Conclusions.- References.- 14 The Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. Direct Combustion of Hydrogen.- 14.3. Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen.- 14.4. Properties of Catalytic Hydrogen Burners.- 14.5. State of Development of Catalytic Hydrogen Burners.- 14.6. Safety Aspects of Catalytic Combustion.- 14.7. Prospect.- References.- 15 Industrial Applications of Hydrogen.- 15.1. Ammonia Synthesis.- 15.2. Synfuel Production.- 15.3. Direct Reduction of Iron Ore.- 15.4. Other Possibilities for the Industrial Use of Hydrogen.- 15.5. Prospects.- References.- 16 Hydrogen as a Fuel in Automotive and Air Transportation.- 16.1. Electrical Propulsion of Vehicles by Means of Fuel Cells and Electric Motors.- 16.2. Possible Use of Internal Combustion Engines Powered by Hydrogen for Automotive Transportation.- 16.3. Hydrogen as an Aircraft Fuel.- 16.4. Safety Aspects.- 16.5. Costs.- 16.6. Problems of the Transition.- References.
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 30.11.1987 |
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Zusatzinfo | biography |
Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
Sprache | englisch |
Gewicht | 621 g |
Themenwelt | Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik |
ISBN-10 | 0-306-42150-X / 030642150X |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-306-42150-1 / 9780306421501 |
Zustand | Neuware |
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