Vehicle Powertrain Systems

Behrooz Mashadi, Iran University of Science and Technology Dr Behrooz Mashhadi is an assistant professor in the Department of Automotive Engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. His areas of expertise are vehicle powertrain systems and vehicle dynamics and control, and he has published widely in these fields in international research journals and conference publications. David A Crolla, University of Sunderland David Crolla's activities are concentrated on engineering consultancy work, in particular specialised short courses and expert witness cases in automotive engineering. He also retains strong academic links with the Universities of Leeds, Cranfield and Sunderland. His specialism is in vehicle dynamics and control, and he has authored over 200 journal and conference papers in this subject area with particular topics of interest covering the ride, handling, safety, stability and braking of vehicles. He has worked extensively with industrial partners and applications have included passenger cars, land speed record vehicles, racing cars, SUVs, off-road vehicles and commercial vehicles. He is an Emeritus Professor of Automotive Engineering at the University of Leeds, and visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland. He is series editor for a textbook series on Automotive Engineering for Elsevier.

Chapter 1 Vehicle powertrain concepts 1.1 Powertrain systems 3

1.2 Powertrain components 11

1.3 Vehicle performance 13

1.4 Driver behaviour 18

1.5 Role of modelling 20

1.6 Aim of book 23

1.7 Further reading 24

1.8 References 24

Chapter 2  Power generation characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines

2.1 Introduction 4

2.2 Engine power generation principles 5

2.3 Engine modelling 46

2.4 Multi cylinder engines 91

2.5 Engine torque maps 107

2.6 Magic Torque (MT) formula for engine torque 117

2.7 Engine Management System 117

2.8 Net output power 117

2.9 Concluding remarks 117

2.10 Further reading 117

2.11 References 117

2.12 Review questions 117

2.13 Problems 117

Chapter 3 Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics

3.1. Introduction 4

3.2. Torque generators 5

3.3. Tractive force 9

3.4. Resistive forces 26

3.5. Vehicle Constant Power Performance (CPP) 43

3.6. Constant Torque performance (CTP) 71

3.7. Fixed Throttle Performance (FTP) 82

3.8. Throttle Pedal Cycle performance (PCP) 103

3.9. Effect of rotating masses 108

3.10. Tyre slip 118

3.12. Vehicle coast down 129

3.13. Driveline losses 140

3.14. Concluding remarks 149

3.15. Further reading 149

3.16. References 150

3.17. Review questions 151

3.18. Problems 152

Chapter 4  Transmissions

4.1. Introduction 4

4.2. Need for gearbox 4

4.3. Design of gearbox ratios 7

4.4. Gearbox kinematics and tooth numbers 41

4.5. Manual transmissions 54

4.6. Automatic transmissions 127

4.7. CVTs 140

4.8. Concluding remarks 151

4.9. Further reading 152

4.10. References 153

4.11. Review questions 154

4.12. Problems 156

Chapter 5  Fuel Consumption

5.1 Introduction 4

5.2 Engine energy consumption 5

5.3 Driving cycles 11

5.4 Vehicle fuel consumption 19

5.5 Shifting effects 33

5.6 Software 46

5.7 Automated gearshifts 51

5.8 Other solutions for fuel efficiency 57

5.9 Concluding remarks 65

5.10 Further reading 66

5.11 References 68

5.12 Review questions 69

5.13 Problems 71

Chapter 6 Driveline dynamics

6.1 Introduction 3

6.2 Modelling driveline dynamics 4

6.3 Bond graph models of driveline components 11

6.4 Driveline models 21

6.5 Analysis 28

6.6 Concluding remarks 51

6.7 Further reading 52

6.8 References 52

6.9 Review questions 53

6.10 Problems 54

Chapter 7 Hybrid electric vehicles

7.1. Introduction 4

7.2. Types of hybrid electric vehicles 5

7.3. Power split devices 20

7.4. HEV component characteristics 49

7.5. HEV performance analysis 70

7.6. HEV component sizing 82

7.7. Power management 122

7.8. Concluding remarks 135

7.9. Further reading 136

7.10. References 137

7.11. Review questions 138

7.12. Problems 139