In Situ Characterization of Thin Film Growth

Gertjan Koster is a Professor at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. He is also a visiting professor at the Joseph Stephan Institute in Slovenia. His current research focuses on the growth and study of artificial materials, the physics of reduced scale (nanoscale) materials, metal–insulator transitions, and in situ spectroscopic characterization. Guus Rijnders is a Professor and Chairman of Inorganic Materials Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands. His research currently focuses on the integration of functional and smart materials with electronic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

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Chapter 1: Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) for in situ characterization of thin film growth

Abstract:

1.1 Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD)

1.2 Basic principles of RHEED

1.3 Analysis of typical RHEED patterns: the influence of surface disorder

1.4 Crystal growth: kinetics vs thermodynamics

1.5 Variations of the specular intensity during deposition

1.6 Kinetical growth modes and the intensity response in RHEED

1.7 RHEED intensity variations and Monte Carlo simulations

1.8 Conclusions

1.9 Acknowledgements

Chapter 2: Inelastic scattering techniques for in situ characterization of thin film growth: backscatter Kikuchi diffraction

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Kikuchi patterns

2.3 Kikuchi lines in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) images

2.4 Dual-screen RHEED and Kikuchi pattern collection

2.5 Lattice parameter determination

2.6 Epitaxial film strain determination

2.7 Kinematic and dynamic scattering

2.8 Epitaxial film structure determination

2.9 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) for in situ characterization of thin film growth

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Principles of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS)

3.3 Applications of UPS to thin film systems

3.4 Future trends

Chapter 4: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for in situ characterization of thin film growth

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 In situ monitoring of thin film growth

4.3 Measuring the reaction of thin films with gases using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

4.4 In situ measurements of buried interfaces using high kinetic energy XPS (HAXPES)

4.5 Conclusions

4.6 Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) for characterization of thin film growth

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Principles of ellipsometry

5.3 In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) characterization

5.4 In situ considerations

5.5 Further in situ SE examples

5.6 Conclusions

5.8 Acknowledgments

Chapter 6: In situ ion beam surface characterization of thin multicomponent films

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Background to ion backscattering spectrometry and time-of-flight (TOF) ion scattering and recoil methods

6.3 Experimental set-ups

6.4 Studies of film growth processes relevant to multicomponent oxides

6.5 Conclusions

6.6 Acknowledgments

Chapter 7: Spectroscopies combined with reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) for real-time in situ surface monitoring of thin film growth

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Overview of processes and excitations by primary electrons in the surface

7.3 Recombination and emission processes

7.4 Descriptions and results of in situ spectroscopies combined with reflection high-energy electron diffractio (RHEED)

7.5 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 8: In situ deposition vapor monitoring

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Overview of vapor flux monitoring

8.3 Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)

8.4 Vapor ionization techniques

8.5 Optical absorption spectroscopy techniques

8.6 Summary of techniques and resources

8.7 Case studies

8.8 Conclusions

8.9 Acknowledgments

Chapter 9: Real-time studies of epitaxial film growth using surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD)

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Growth kinetics studies of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD)

9.3 Real-time SXRD in SrTiO3 PLD: an experimental case study

9.4 Future trends

Acknowledgment

Index