Flour and Breads and their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Ronald Ross Watson, PhD, is Professor of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Dr. Watson began his research in public health at the Harvard School of Public Health as a Fellow in 1971 doing field work on vaccines in Saudi Arabia. He has done clinical studies in Colombia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United States which provides a broad international view of public health. He has served in the military reserve hospital for 17 years with extensive training in medical responses to disasters as the chief biochemistry officer of a general hospital, retiring as a Lt. Colonel. He is a distinguished member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies. Dr. Watson’s career has involved studying many lifestyle aspects for their uses in health promotion. He has edited over 100 biomedical reference books and 450 papers and chapters. His teaching and research focuses on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs of abuse in heart function and disease in mouse models. Dr. Patel is a Reader at the University of Westminster. After completing his PhD at King’s College London, he continued his research experience by undertaking his post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Professor Cunningham in the Department of Biochemistry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). This extensive project involved investigating mechanisms of hepatic mitochondrial ribosome dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using biophysical and proteomic techniques. These studies have led to new avenues in determining the pathology of ALD. His teaching areas at both post-graduate and undergraduate levels include clinical biochemistry, investigative pathology and laboratory investigation.

Preface; Section I: Introductory Chapters, Flours and Breads; The science of doughs and bread quality; Monitoring flour performance in bread making; South Indian parotta - an unleavened, flat bread; Sourdough breads; Focaccia Italian flat fatty bread: quality and technology; Flour and bread from black, purple and blue-colored wheats; Emmer (Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccum) flour and breads; Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) flour and bread; Maize: Composition, bioactive constituents and unleavened bread; Amaranth: Potential source for flour enrichment; Quinoa: Protein and non protein tryptophan in comparison with other cereal and legume flours and bread; Sorghum Flour and Flour Products: Production, Nutritional Quality and Fortification; Buckwheat flour and bread; Non-starch polysaccharides in maize and oat: ferulated arabinoxylans and b-glucans; Gluten Free Bread: Sensory, physicochemical and nutritional aspects; Dietary fibre from brewer’s spent grain as a functional ingredient in bread making technology; Composite flours and breads: potentials of local crops in developing countries; Legume composite flours and baked goods: Nutritional, functional, sensory and phytochemical quality; Potentials of using okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) flour for food fortification and effects of processing; Apricot kernel flour and its use in health; Macadamia Flours: Nutritious Ingredients for Baked Goods; Banana and mango flours; Use of Potato flour in bread and flat bread; Section 2: Fortification of Flours and Breads and their Metabolic Effects; Mineral fortification of whole wheat flour-an overview; Iron particle size in iron-fortified bread; Iodine fortification of bread: experiences from Australia and New Zealand; Phytochemical fortification of flour and bread; Carotenoids in sweetpotato, cassava and maize and their use in bread and flour fortification; Production and nutraceutical properties of breads fortified with DHA and omega-3 containing oils; Fortification with free amino acids affects acrylamide content in yeast-leavened bread; Barley ß-glucans and fiber-rich fractions as functional ingredient in flat and pan breads; Antioxidant activity and phenolics in breads with added barley flour; Bread supplemented with chempedak (Artocarpus integer) seed flour; Effect of starch addition to fluid dough during breadmaking process; Fermentation as a tool to improve healthy properties of bread; Apple pomace (by-product of apple juice industry) as a flour fortification strategy; Use of sweetpotato in bread and flour fortification; Fortification of bread with soy protein to normalize serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels; Dietary breads and impact on postprandial parameters; Fortification of vitamin B-12 to flour and the metabolic response; Metabolic effects of ß-Glucans addition to corn maize flour; Lupin kernel fiber: Metabolic effects in human intervention studies and use as supplement in wheat bread; Metabolic effects of propionic acid-enriched breads; Folic acid and colon cancer. Impact of wheat flour fortification with folic acid; Effects of the soybean flour diet on insulin secretion and action; Metabolic effects of bread fortified with wheat sprouts and bioavailability of ferulic acid from wheat bran