Aerodynamic Measurements

Giuseppe Russo is a recently retired Aerospace Engineer. Since 1984 he has been Associate Professor of Experimental Aerodynamics at the Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale (DIAS). Prior to that, the author was Assistant Professor of Gas dynamics from 1967 to 1983 at the same university. Russo has been the author of more than 60 scientific articles, a consultant of Centro Italiano di Ricerca Aerospaziale (CIRA) and of Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). He was Member of the Fluid Dynamic Panel of AGARD/NATO from 1992 to 1997.

List of figures

List of tables

Preface

Acknowledgements

About the author

Chapter 1: Pressure sensors

Abstract:

1.1 Fundamental features

1.2 Hydrostatic manometers

1.3 Mechanical manometers

1.4 Pressure transducers

1.5 Pressure-sensitive paints

Chapter 2: Velocity and mass flow by pressure measurements

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Measurement of flow speed by pressures

2.3 Pitot tube

2.4 Prandtl tube

2.5 Pitot-static tube

2.6 Flow direction measurements

2.7 Mass flow measurements

Chapter 3: Hot wire anemometer

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Materials for probes

3.3 Probes

3.4 Operating principle

3.5 Constant current anemometer (CCA)

3.6 Constant temperature anemometer (CTA)

3.7 Comparison of CCA and CTA

3.8 Operating temperature of the wire

3.9 Compensation of the stream temperature

3.10 The linearizer

3.11 Measurements of absolute value and direction of average velocity

3.12 Measurements in turbulent flows

Chapter 4: Laser anemometry

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The gas laser

4.3 Laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA)

4.4 Laser two focus anemometer (L2F)

4.5 Particle image velocimetry (PIV)

Chapter 5: Temperature measurements

Abstract:

5.1 Sensors

5.2 Detection of transition

5.3 Measurement of stagnation temperature

Chapter 6: Flow visualization

Abstract:

6.1 Objectives of the visualization

6.2 Visualization techniques

6.3 Principles of operation of optical methods

6.4 Deflection of a light beam in the presence of a constant gradient of refractive index

6.5 Shadowgraph

6.6 The Schlieren method

6.7 Interferometry

6.8 Quantitative analysis of Schlieren images and interferograms

Chapter 7: Measurements of aerodynamic forces

Abstract:

7.1 Types of supports for models in wind tunnels

7.2 Calculating the aerodynamic forces from pressure measurements

7.3 Measuring the aerodynamic forces with balances

Index