Measurement of Cardiac Deformations from MRI: Physical and Mathematical Models

1 Regional Stress and Strain in Healthy and Diseased Ventricular Myocardium.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Ventricular Geometry and Structure.- 1.3 Regional Myocardial Mechanics.- 1.4 Engineering Models of Wall Stress.- 1.5 Analyzing Wall Strain Distributions.- 1.6 Regional Strain Distributions in Disease.- 1.7 Future Directions.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 1.- 2 Clinical Applications of Cardiac Tagging.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Imaging Techniques.- 2.3 Tagged Image Data Analysis.- 2.4 MR Tagging in Normal Human Heart.- 2.5 MR Tagging in Ischemic Heart Disease.- 2.6 MR Tagging in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 2.7 Cardiomyopathies.- 2.8 Right Ventricular Mechanics.- 2.9 Pericardial Constriction.- 2.10 Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 2.- 3 Finite Element Modeling for Three-Dimensional Motion Reconstruction and Analysis.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Finite Element Model.- 3.3 Model Tags: 3D Formulation.- 3.4 Reconstruction of RV Surface Deformation.- 3.5 Principal Component Analysis.- 3.6 PCA of Normal Geometry and Deformation.- 3.7 Future Work.- References for Chapter 3.- 4 Modeling and analysis of the RV and LV from MRI-SPAMM.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Biventricular Model Geometry.- 4.4 Motion and Deformation Analysis.- 4.5 Results.- 4.6 Discussion.- 4.7 Conclusions and Future Work.- Acknowledgments.- Finite Element Shape Functions.- Strain Calculation Using Finite Elements.- References for Chapter 4.- 5 Motion Analysis of the Whole Heart.- 5.1 Motivation and Background.- 5.2 Introduction and Background.- 5.3 Methods.- 5.4 Results.- 5.5 Discussion.- 5.6 Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 5.- 6 Harmonic Phase MR.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 A Harmonic Model of Tagged MR Images.- 6.3 HARP Motion Measurement Principles.- 6.4 CINE-HARP(CHARP) Methods.- 6.5 Single-shot HARP (SHARP) Methods.- 6.6 Combining CHARP and SHARP Methods.- 6.7 Summary and Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 6.- 7 Automated Tag Detection.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Signal Models.- 7.3 Tag Center Estimation.- 7.4 Hypothesis Testing.- 7.5 Algorithm Implementation.- 7.6 In Vivo Experiments.- 7.7 Discussion.- Acknowledgments.- Likelihood Function Derivative.- References for Chapter 7.- 8 Analysis of Tagged MR Cardiac Images with B-spline Models.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 B-spline basics.- 8.3 Coupled B-snake Grids.- 8.4 Constrained Thin-Plate Spline Reconstruction.- 8.5 Measurement of 3D Motion of Myocardial Beads.- 8.6 Conclusions.- 8.7 Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 8.- 9 MR Physics and Imaging of Phase Contrast MR.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Basic Principles of Phase Contrast MRI.- 9.3 Implementation issues.- 9.4 Data Processing.- 9.5 Results.- 9.6 Discussion.- Signal Phase.- References for Chapter 9.- 10 Myocardial Spatiotemporal Tracking.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 DMESH Motion/Strain Mapping.- 10.3 Experiments.- 10.4 Discussion.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 10.- 11 Computational Platforms for Integrated Cardiac Image Analysis.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Obtaining Estimates of Cardiac Displacements.- 11.3 Modeling used for Interpolation and Smoothing.- 11.5 Future Research Directions.- Acknowledgments.- References for Chapter 11.