Emerging Cancer Therapy

ARSÉNIO FIALHO, PHD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Principal Investigator for the Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering in the Instituto Superior Técnico at the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal. His current scientific interests are focused on the study of bacterial proteins, such as azurin and Laz, as novel multi-targeted drug candidates with anticancer activities. He is the author or coauthor of more than fifty papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and, during the last four years, became the holder of five U.S. patents. Dr. Fialho teaches courses in biochemistry, molecular biology, and bioinformatics. ANANDA CHAKRABARTY, PHD, is Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago. In addition to more than 250 research publications, he has secured nine U.S. patents during the last four years on azurin and Laz, two bacterial proteins with anticancer, anti-viral and anti-parasitic activities. He also is the recipient of a patent on the first life form, a genetically manipulated pseudomonad designed to degrade multiple hydrocarbons present in crude oil, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1980 in the celebrated court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

Preface ix

Contributors xi

Part I Live/Attenuated Bacteria and Viruses as Anticancer Agents 1

1 Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants Selected to Grow Only in Tumors to Eradicate Them in Nude Mouse Models 3
Robert M. Hoffman

2 The Use of Living Listeria Monocytogenes as an Active Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer 13
John Rothman, Anu Wallecha, Paulo Cesar Maciag, Sandra Rivera, Vafa Shahabi, and Yvonne Paterson

3 Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder 49
Timothy P. Kresowik and Thomas S. Griffith

4 Live Clostridia: A Powerful Tool in Tumor Biotherapy 71
Lieve Van Mellaert, Ming Q Wei, and Jozef Anné

5 Bifi dobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Gene Therapy 99
Geng-Feng Fu, Yan Yin, Bi Hu, and Gen-Xing Xu

6 Replication-Selective Viruses for the Treatment of Cancer 119
Padma Sampath and Steve H. Thorne

7 Engineering Herpes Simplex Virus for Cancer Oncolytic Virotherapy 141
Jason S. Buhrman, Tooba A. Cheema, and Giulia Fulci

Part II Bacterial Products as Anticancer Agents 179

8 Promiscuous Anticancer Drugs from Pathogenic Bacteria: Rational Versus Intelligent Drug Design 181
Arsénio M. Fialho and Ananda M. Chakrabarty

9 Arginine Deiminase and Cancer Therapy 199
Lynn Feun, M. Tien Kuo, Ming You, Chung Jing Wu, Medhi Wangpaichitr, and Niramol Savaraj

10 Cytosine Deaminase/5-Fluorocytosine Molecular Cancer Chemotherapy 219
Sergey A. Kaliberov and Donald J. Buchsbaum

11 Bacterial Proteins against Metastasis 243
Anna Maria Elisabeth Walenkamp

12 Pseudomonas Exotoxin A-Based Immunotoxins for Targeted Cancer Therapy 269
Philipp Wolf and Ursula Elsässer-Beile

13 Denileukin Diftitox in Novel Cancer Therapy 289
Lin-Chi Chen and Nam H. Dang

14 The Application of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Cancer Treatment: Laboratory Investigations and Clinical Potential 309
Ashley L. Hilchie and David W. Hoskin

15 Prodiginines and Their Potential Utility as Proapoptotic Anticancer Agents 333
Neil R. Williamson, Suresh Chawrai, Finian J. Leeper, and George P.C. Salmond

16 Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors of Microbial Origins in Cancer Therapy 367
Jingxuan Pan and Sai-Ching Jim Yeung

17 The Use of RNA and CpG DNA as Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics 379
Jörg Vollmer

Part III Patents On Bacteria/Bacterial Products as Anticancer Agents 403

18 The Role and Importance of Intellectual Property Generation and Protection in Drug Development 405
Arsénio M. Fialho and Ananda M. Chakrabarty

Index 421