Heating and Cooling of Buildings

Jan F. Kreider is the president of Kreider and Associates, LLC, a renewable energy and energy efficiency consulting firm in Boulder, Colorado. He is also Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he was the founding director of the Joint Center for Energy Management. Peter S. Curtiss is a consulting engineer specializing in energy use simulation and analysis, process control, and distributed generation technologies. He runs an engineering consulting business in Boulder, Colorado. Ari Rabl is a retired senior scientist at the Centre Energétique et Procédés de l’Ecole des Mines in Paris, France. He continues to work as a consultant for the government and industry.

Introduction
A Bit of History
Importance of Buildings in the U.S. Economy
Role of HVAC Design Engineer
A Note on the Economics of Energy Efficiency
Units and Conversions
Orders of Magnitude





Elements of Heat Transfer for Buildings
Introduction to Heat Transfer
Conduction Heat Transfer
Convection Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer
Evaporation and Moisture Transfer
Closure





Review of Thermodynamic Processes in Buildings
Introduction to Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Properties
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Cycles
Summary





Psychrometrics, Comfort, and Health
Introduction and Definitions
Thermodynamic Fundamentals
The Psychrometric Chart and Tables of Air Properties
Psychrometric Processes for Buildings
Thermal Comfort
Air Quality and Ventilation
Summary





Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics in Building Systems
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Pressure Losses in Liquid and Air Systems
Prime Movers
Flow Measurement
Summary





Solar Radiation and Windows
Solar Geometry
Extraterrestrial Insolation
Insolation Data and Models
Sol-Air Temperature
Windows





Heating and Cooling Loads
Air Exchange
Principles of Load Calculations
Storage Effects and Limits of Static Analysis
Zones
Heating Loads
CLTD/CLF Method for Cooling Loads
Transfer Functions for Dynamic Load Calculations
New Methods for Load Calculations
Summary





Annual Energy Consumption and Special Topics
Annual Consumption
Thermal Networks
Other Models
System Identification
Comparison of Calculations with Each Other and with Measured Data
Summary of Methods





Heat Generation and Transfer Equipment
Introduction
Natural Gas and Fuel Oil-Fired Equipment
Electric Resistance Heating
Electric Heat Pumps
Heat Exchanger Design and Selection
Low-Temperature Radiant Heating
Solar Heating
Cogeneration Definition and Overview
Summary





Cooling Equipment
Introduction
Rankine Refrigeration Cycle
Absorption Cycle
Mechanical Cooling Equipment—Chillers
Part-Load Performance of Chillers
Rules for Chiller System Operation and Control in Commercial Buildings
Evaporative Cooling Equipment
Summary





Secondary Systems for Heating and Cooling
Air Distribution Systems
Piping Design
Complete HVAC Systems for Commercial Buildings
HVAC System Design Sizing and Energy Calculations
Summary





Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Control Systems
Introduction—The Need for Control
Basic Control Hardware
Basic Control System Design Considerations
Examples of HVAC System Control Systems
Topics in Advanced Control System Design
Summary





Lighting
Principles of Lighting
Electric Lighting
Principles of Daylighting
Analysis of Daylighting





Design for Efficiency
The Road to Efficiency
Design Elements and Recommendations
Performance Indices for Heating and Cooling
Measured Performance
Residential Buildings
Commercial Buildings: HVAC Systems
Design for Daylighting





Costs
Comparing Present and Future Costs
Life Cycle Cost
Economic Evaluation Criteria
Complications of the Decision Process
Cost Estimation
Optimization


Nomenclature


Appendix


Index


Problems and References appear at the end of each chapter.