List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1

• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Inter‐Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
• mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS)
• psychological first aid (PFA)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

Chapter 2

• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
• exposure and response prevention (ERP) [Table 2.1]
• intensive care unit (ICU)
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• positron emission tomography (PET)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• St. Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS)

Chapter 3

• acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
• central nervous system (CNS)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• mind‐body therapies (MBT)
• mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) [Figure 3.1]
• mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) [Figure 3.1]
• mindfulness‐based relapse prevention (MBRP) [Figure 3.1]
• N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC)
• National Institute of Health (NIH)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• problem solving therapy (PST)
• religion and spirituality (R/S)
• ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses
• severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
• Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY)
• transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
• Whole Health System Approach (HEALTH)

Chapter 4

• acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Age‐Friendly Health Systems (AFHS)
• Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
• Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center
• Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7)
• Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP)
• Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
• intensive care unit (ICU)
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
• Pain, Agitation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep (PADIS) guidelines
• Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9)
• post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM‐5 (PC‐PTSD‐5)

Chapter 5

• acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
• major depressive disorder (MDD)
• mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
• Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2)
• primary care physician (PCP)
• serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
• transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Chapter 6

• acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• entromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFc) [Figure 6.1]
• exposure and response prevention (ERP)
• generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)
• orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) [and Figure 6.1]
• periaqueductal gray (PAG) [Figure 6.1]
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• prefrontal cortex (PFC)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
• ventral tegmental area (VTA) [Figure 6.1]

Chapter 7

• adverse childhood experiences (ACE)
• neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
• phencyclidine (PCP)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Chapter 8

• adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2)
• aspirin (ASA)
• beats per minute (bpm)
• CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)
• chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)
• G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
• graded exercise therapy (GET)
• high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
• human herpes virus 6 (HHV‐6)
• human herpes virus 7 (HHV‐7)
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
• hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Long COVID syndrome (HOT‐LoCO)
• Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
• mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)
• minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV)
• monoclonal antibodies (mABs)
• multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C)
• myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)
• myalgic encephalomyelitis, or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
• N‐acetylcysteine (NAC)
• National Public Radio (NPR)
• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
• nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)
• nitric oxide (NO)
• obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
• post‐exertional malaise (PEM)
• postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
• randomized controlled trial (RCTs)
• rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
• therapies for Long COVID (TLC)
• transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
• transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)
• UHN Emergency Department (ED)
• University Health Network (UHN) News
• vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

Chapter 9

• 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA)
• acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
• electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
• human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
• intensive care unit (ICU)
• intramuscular (IM)
• intravenous (IV)
• neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
• Patient Health Questionairre‐9 (PHQ‐9)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• urinary tract infection (UTI)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

Chapter 10

• American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R)
• American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG)
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)emergency room (ER)
• gastrointestinal (GI)
• human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
• intensive care unit (ICU)
• Maternal COVID‐19‐related Prenatal Exposure (MOM‐COPE)
• messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
• neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
• Patient Health Questionairre‐9 (PHQ‐9)
• postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
• respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

Chapter 11

• American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R)
• anorexia nervosa (AN)
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• central nervous system (CNS)
• child‐parent psychotherapy (CPP)
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• DIR‐Floortime (Developmental, Individual‐differences, and Relationship‐based model)
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐5TR)
• electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
• gastrointestinal (GI)
• generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired (HALT mnemonic)
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)
• parent‐child interaction therapy (PCIT)
• Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS measures)
• Pediatric Symptom Checklist‐17 (PSC‐17)
• post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
• respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• serotonin‐specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
• trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT)

Chapter 12

• generalized anxiety disorder...