The Theory and Practice of Neutrality in the Twentieth Century

Introduction. Suggested Exercises. Select Documents. Part 1: Traditional Neutrality 1.Extract from On the Law of War and Peace by Hugo Grotius, Translated by Francis W. Kelsey 2. Extracts from the Hague Conventions of 1907 a) Convention V Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land b) Convention XIII Concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War. The Belgian Case 3. A) Extracts from The Great European Treaties of the Nineteenth Century by Sir Augustus Oakes and R. B. Mowat b) Extracts from the Treaty of London, 19 April 1939 and the Annex Thereto 4. Extract from Albert of Belgium by Emile Cammaerts 5. Extract from British Documents on the Origins of the War Edited by G. P. Gooch and H. V. Temperly (Volumes VIII, HMSO 1935) 6. Extracts From Letters From the Chief of the Belgian General Staff to the Belgian Minister of War a) 10 April 1906 b) 24 April 1912 Part 2: The First World War a) The End of Belgian Neutrality 7. Extract from a Telegram sent by the German Ambassador to Britain (Prince Lichnowsky) to the German Foreign Secretary (von Jagow) 29 July 1914 8. The German Ultimatum to Belgium, 2 August 1914 9. ‘The Night of August 2 1914’. Further Extracts from Albert of Belgium by Emile Cammaerts 10. Extracts from a Speech by the German Imperail Chancellor (von Bethmann Hollweg) to the German Reichstag, 4 August 1914 b) China 11. Extract from ‘Japanese Violation of Chinese Territory’ by J. W. Garner from International Law and the World War c) America 12. Extracts from Two Speeches by President Woodrow Wilson a) 18 August 1914 b) 2 April 1917 13. Extracts from ‘ The Position of America as the Greatest Neutral’ by Nils Ørvik, from The Decline of Neutrality 1914-41 d) Norway 14. Chapter II 2 ‘Weak Power Neutrality’ by Nils Ørvik, from the The Decline of Neutrality 1914-41 Part 3: The Inter-War Years 15. Articles 10, 11, 16 and 17 of the Covenant of the League of Nations 16. Extracts from the Resolution of Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, as amended by, and put to, the United States Senate, 19 March 1920 17. Extract from A History of the League of Nations by F. P. Walters 18. Extract from the Speech of Senator Dandurand (Canada), to the League Assembly, on the Resolution Approving the Geneva Protocol, 2 October 1924 19. Extracts from a Letter of Gustav Stresemann (Foreign Minister of Germany), to Sir Eric Drummond (Secretary-General of the League), 12 December 1924 20. Joint Resolution of the United States Congress, 31 August 1935 (The Neutrality Act) 21. Extract from Neutrality for the United States by E. Borchard and W. P. Lage 22. Speech of Franklin D. Roosevelt, at Chicago, 5 October 1937 (The Quarantine Speech) 23. Extract from Undeclared War by Elizabeth Wiskemann Part IV: The Second World War 24. Extract from Neutrality for the United States by E. Borchard and W. P. Lage 25. Extract from ‘Norway: Political Antecedents to the German Invasion’ by Agnes H. Hicks, from The Survey of International Affairs 1939-46: The Initial Triumph of the Axis edited by Arnold Toynbee and Veronica M. Toynbee 26. Extract from ‘Switzerland’ by Constance Howard from The Survey of International Affairs 1939-46: The War and the Neutrals edited by Arnold Toynbee and Veronica M. Toynbee 27. ‘A Test of Neutrality: Sweden in the Second World War’ by H. Gunnar Hägglöf, Swedish Ambassador to Britain Part 5: Neutrality in the Atomic Age 28. Extracts from ‘Is Swiss Neutrality Still Justified?’ by Max Petitpierre, from Switzerland, Present and Future 29. Extracts from ‘ Austria – A Neutralized State’ by Peter Lyon from Neutralism 30. Extracts from the Declaration of the Belgrade Conference of Heads of State and Government of Nonaligned Countries, 1-6 September 1961 31. Extracts from ‘Neutralism: An Analysis’ by Michael Brecher from The New States of Asia 32. Extracts from Cambodia by Michael Leifer.