The Oxford Handbook of Illiberalism

Marlene Laruelle, Ph.D., is Research Professor of International Affairs and Political Science at the Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. She is also Director of the Illiberalism Studies Program at GW and the former director of the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (IERES). Trained in political philosophy, she explores the notion of illiberalism and how nationalism and conservative values are becoming mainstream in different cultural contexts. She has been working on Russia's ideological landscape and its outreach abroad for more than two decades. She is now working on the grassroots mechanisms underpinning the popular support given to illiberal projects, as well as the cultural products and social practices that structure illiberal communities in Europe and in the United States.

Acknowledgments
About the Volume Editor
List of Contributors
Introduction

Section I: Conceptualizing Illiberalism and Its Companions

1. Illiberalism and Conservatism
Edmund Fawcett
2. Illiberalism and Authoritarianism
Julian G. Waller
3. Populism as Democratic Illiberalism
Takis S. Pappas
4. Genealogies of Illiberalism
Mihai Varga and Aron Buzogány
5. Illiberalism as a Culture
Jan Kubik

Section II: The False Dichotomy: Liberalism's Entanglement with Illiberalism

6. Illiberalism of Their Own Making? A Post-Liberal Critique of Illiberalism Research
Philipp Lottholz
7. Ghosts of Liberalism Past: Authoritarianism and Nationalism in the Liberal Tradition
Anatol Lieven
8. Neoliberalism and Its Others
Reijer Hendrikse
9. Illiberalism and Fear: The Crisis of Political Legitimacy in Western Liberal Democracies
Natalie Doyle
10. Illiberalism in Liberal Democracies
Jasper Theodor Kauth
11. Corona and the Left: Toward a Post-Ideological Totalitarianism
Tove Soiland
12. Is There a Left-Wing Illiberalism?
Emmy Eklundh
13. An Illiberal Left? Assessing Current Anti-Pluralist Political Practices in the West
Eszter Kováts

Section III: Illiberal Intersectionalities: Religion, Gender, Identity

14. Magical Thinking and Political Myths: Great Replacement versus Creolization
Pierre-André Taguieff
15. Christianity and Illiberal Politics
Anja Hennig
16. Gendering Illiberal Politics
Agnieszka Graff and Elzbieta Korolczuk
17. Illiberalism and Islam
Gulnaz Sibgatullina
18. Illiberal Memory Politics
Maria Mälksoo

Section IV: Illiberalism and the Economy: Globalization and Backlash

19. Political Economy of Illiberalism
Maria Snegovaya
20. Consuming the State: Illiberalism, Protests, and Demands for Redistribution in Kazakhstan
Diana Kudaibergenova
21. The Trajectory of Illiberal Backlash
Marco Garrido
22. The Illiberalism of Fox News: Theorizing Nationalism and Populism Through the Case of Conservative America's Number One News Source
Reece Peck
23. Illiberalism, Left-Wing Populism, and Popular Sovereignty in Latin America
Julio F. Carrión

Section V: Illiberalism in Power: Regimes and Ideology

24. Autocratization-Not an "Illiberal Turn"
Matthew C. Wilson, Amanda B. Edgell, Yuko Sato, Vanessa Boese-Schlosser, and Staffan I. Lindberg
25. Illiberal Constitutionalism in Central and Eastern European States
Tímea Drinóczi and Agnieszka Bien-Kacala
26. From Backsliding to Illiberalism and Beyond: Law and Regressive Political Change in Brazil, India, and South Africa
Fabio de Sa e Silva
27. Illiberalism as a Key to De-Democratization: The Case of Turkey
Elise Massicard
28. Facets of India's Illiberalism
Christophe Jaffrelot
29. Contending Illiberalisms in the People's Republic of China
Eva Pils
30. Biopolitics and Illiberalism: A Critical Approach to Putin's Russia
Alexandra Yatsyk

Section VI: Illiberalism and the World: The Global (Dis)Order

31. The International Politics of Illiberalism
Hadas Aron and Jack Snyder
32. The Illiberal Global Politics of Religions and Civilizations
Gregorio Bettiza
33. Illiberal Peace? Illiberalism in Peacebuilding, Mediation, and Conflict Resolution
David Lewis
34. Illiberalism in the Global South and the Rise of China and Russia
Erica Marat

Section VII: Beyond the Strong Leader: The Grassroots Actors of Illiberalism

35. Illiberal Revolts: On Grassroots Theorizing and Practicing of Illiberalism
Agniezska Pasieka and David C. Petruccelli
36. Grassroots Origins of Russia's Illiberalism
Ivan Grek
37. Illiberal Think Tanks
Katarzyna Jezierska
38. Transnational Illiberal Networks
Kristina Stoeckl and Phillip Ayoub
39. Media and Illiberalism
Václav Stetka and Sabina Mihelj

Section VIII: Thinking Illiberalism: Intellectual Traditions and Renaissances

40. Illiberalism in the Doctrine of the Catholic Church and in the Works of Catholic Authors (19th-20th Centuries)
Jean-Yves Camus
41. Three Faces of Postliberalism
Adrian Pabst
42. American Illiberal Thinkers
Joshua (Josh) Tait
43. The Role of Éric Zemmour in the "Right-Wingization" of France
Périne Schir
44. The Illiberalism(s) of Polish Conservative Intellectuals
Valentin Behr
45. Russia's Illiberal Conservatism
Katharina Bluhm