Brazilian Bourgeoisie and Foreign Policy

Tatiana Berringer is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Federal University of ABC (Brazil). She is a member of the editorial board of Crítica Marxista (Brazil) and of the Brazilian Foreign Policy and International Insertion Observatory (opep.org). She coordinates the Social Classes and Foreign Policy Group Research (CNPQ).

Foreword


Preface


Acknowledgements


List of Figures and Tables


Abbreviations and Acronyms


Introduction


1 Power Bloc: Brazilian Theory and Policy

 1 Theory: The Power Bloc and International Relations


 2 Theory: Power Bloc and Foreign Policy Analysis




2 The fhc Governments: Neoliberalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy

 1 Neoliberalism


 2 Neoliberalism and the Power Bloc in Brazil


 3 Foreign Policy in the fhc Governments

 3.1 Adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime ( mtcr )


 3.2 The Efforts to Reactivate the InterAmerican Treaty for Reciprocal Assistance ( itra )


 3.3  ftaa , mercosur and the Internal Bourgeoisie


 3.4 Regional Politics between 1998 and 2000: The mercosur Crisis and the Launching of the irsa i


 3.5 The Lafer Administration and the Brazilian State’s Passive Subordination to Imperialism


 3.6 The 2002 Elections


 3.7 The ftaa and the 2002 Elections


 3.8 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the 2002 Election


 3.9 The pt and the 2002 Elections




3 The Lula Governments: Neo-developmentalism, Power Bloc and Foreign Policy

 1 Neo-developmentalism and Power Bloc

 1.1 A Brief Review of Some of the Analytical Literature on the Lula Governments’ Social and Economic Policies




 2 Foreign Policy during the Lula Governments

 2.1 South-South Coalitions


 2.2 Haiti


 2.3 Regional Integration


 2.4 Africa


 2.5 The Middle East


 2.6 China


 2.7 European Union


 2.8 The imf


 2.9 The United States


 2.10 Defense Policy


 2.11 The Lula Governments’ Foreign Policy and the Neo-developmentalist Front


 2.12 The Brazilian State’s Position in Regard to Imperialism


 2.13 The Political Organization of the Neo-developmentalist Front


 2.14 The Internal Bourgeoisie and the South-South Foreign Policy


 2.15 Contradictions among Sectors Composing the Internal Bourgeoisie


 2.16 The Unstable Equilibrium of Compromises and Foreign Policy


 2.17 The Party-Political Dispute and Foreign Policy




4 Brazil and South America

 1 Brazilian State and South America: Imperialism, Sub-imperialism and Neo-developmentalism

 1.1 Brazilian Imperialism


 1.2 Brazilian Sub-imperialism


 1.3 Neo-developmentalism and Regional Politics




 2 People’s Movements and Unionism in Relation to Regional Integration Processes in South America

 2.1 Brazilian People’s Movements and Unionism and Regional Integration in the 1980s and 1990s


 2.2 The People’s Classes and Regional Integration during the pt Governments




5 Brazil under fhc and Lula


6 Power Bloc and Foreign Policy in the Dilma, Temer and Bolsonaro Governments

 1 The Dilma Government: Foreign Policy, Political Crisis and Power Bloc

 1.1 Foreign Policy in the Dilma Governments


 1.2 The Power Bloc, the Political Crisis and Foreign Policy




 2 The Temer Government and the Return to Passive Subordination

 2.1 Brazil’s Trade and Production Structures Compared with the World


 2.2 The Brazilian State’s Re-embracing of Passive Subordination


 2.3 Decadent External Insertion and Dependent Productive Structure


 2.4 ‘Weak Meat’




 3 The Bolsonaro Government and Its Explicit Passive Subordination to Imperialism: The Neofascist Alliance

 3.1 Foreign Policies of the Bolsonaro Government and the Trump Government: The Neofascist Alliance


 3.2 A New Stage in Brazil-USA Relations: The Biden Government




References


Index