Proxy Wars from a Global Perspective

Cüneyt Gürer is Professor of Transnational Security Studies at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies where his research focuses on transnational security issues, regional security dynamics, human displacement, and non-state actors in contemporary conflicts. Cyprian Aleksander Kozera is an expert at the Interdisciplinary Research Centre “Identity, Dialogue, Security” at the University of Warsaw, researcher in the Africa Research Institute, at Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary, and a member of the Polish Africanist Society. His research focuses on irregular and proxy warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa and he is a member of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies’ Network. Pawel Bernat is Senior Lecturer at the Polish Air Force University where his research focuses on proxy and hybrid warfare and the militarization of outer space. He is Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal Safety & Defense, and Vice-President of the Andarta Knowledge for Security Foundation.

List of Abbreviations
List of Tables
Contributors

Introduction: The Necessity for a Global Perspective on Proxy Warfare
Pawel Bernat, Cüneyt Gürer, Cyprian Aleksander Kozera

Part I - Theoretical and Historical Framework

1. Toward Conceptualization of Contemporary Proxy Warfare
Pawel Bernat; Cyprian Aleksander Kozera

2. US Proxy Warfare’s New and Complex Paradigm
Richard D. Newton

3. States and Non-State Actors Interacting in Conflict: Explaining State Use of Proxies
Cüneyt Gürer

Part II - Proxy Forces in Various Theaters of Armed Conflicts: Case Studies

4. Russian Proxy Use in the Hybrid War Ukraine before the 2022 Invasion
Pawel Bernat, Viacheslav Semenenko, Pavlo Openko and Daniel Michalski

5. Ukraine’s Legionnaires in the War against Russia
Tamir Sinai

6. Insurgencies in Africa and the Middle East and the Future of the Proxy Warfare in the Region
Jeffrey Kaplan

7. Proxy Warfare in Mali: New Rendition of Divide et Impera and Cautious French Saviorism
Cyprian Aleksander Kozera

8. The Bifurcation of Violence: The Proxy Forces in the Central African Republic
Blazej Poplawski

9. Libya: Fragmentation of the Country amid a Proxy War
Mehmet Alper Sözer; Emirhan Darcan

10. The Spheres of Influence: Multiple Proxy Wars in Syria
Engin Yüksel

11. Iran’s Hybrid Proxy Warfare through Palestinian Terrorism against Israel
Ori Wertman and Christian Kaunert

12. The Conflict in Yemen through the Prism of Proxy War
James K. Wither

13. When Proxies Win: The Impact of the Taliban’s Changing Fortune on Pakistan’s Leverage
Tova Norlen and Vinay Kaura

Part III - Proxy Wars –The Emergence of a New Paradigm?

14. Transnational Organized Crime Groups as State Proxies.
Ümit Namli and Cüneyt Gürer

15. The Salience of the New Proxy War Paradigm
Graeme Herd

Afterword
Pawel Bernat, Cüneyt Gürer, Cyprian Aleksander Kozera