Nationalism

David H. Kaplan is a Professor of Geography at Kent State University. He has written some 70 peer-reviewed articles and chapters, and has also published Segregation in Cities, Nested Identities, Boundaries and Place, Human Geography, Urban Geography, Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy, Perthes World Atlas, the four-volume Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview, Navigating Ethnicity, and Scaling Identities. Dr. Kaplan’s research interests include nationalism, borderlands, ethnic and racial segregation, urban and regional development, housing finance, and sustainable transportation. Dr. Kaplan has supervised 55 graduate students and teaches courses on many different aspects of human geography. He is also the past President of the American Association of Geographers. He edits the Geographical Review, the flagship journal of the American Geographical Society, as well as National Identities. Kathryn Hannum is an Assistant Professor of Geography at Michigan Tech University. Her research interests include national identity, migration and diaspora, sociolinguistics, memorial landscapes, and geographies of sport. She teaches a myriad of courses and leads study-away programs that connect lived experiences to complex Geographic concepts, such as nationalism, migration, and tourism. Dr. Hannum has written several book chapters, as well as articles published in The Professional Geographer, GeoHumanities, and Journal of Cultural Geography, among others.

CHAPTER 1: VARIATIONS OF NATIONALISM

Nationalism and Geographic Themes

Approach and Layout of this Book

CHAPTER 2: GROWTH OF AN IDEOLOGY

Nationalism as Ideology

Philosophical Underpinnings of Nationalism

Material Underpinnings of Nationalism

The Diffusion of Nationalism and the Rise of Anti-Colonial Nationalism

National Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Ethnonationalism

Civic vs. Ethnic National Identity

The Development of Majority-Based Ethnonationalism

Conclusion

CHAPTER 3: TERRITORY, NETWORKS, AND PLACE

Territorial Strategies

How Nation Space is Territorialized through Spatial Identity

Impacting the Discursive Landscape

Bounding and Regulating National Territory

National Expansion

Genocide, Removal, or Forced Acculturation

Transnationalism and Diasporas

Conclusion

CHAPTER 4: MAPPING AND SYMBOLS OF NATIONHOOD

Mapping, Cartography, and National Propaganda

Mapping for Colonial Projects

Mapping the Nation

Mapping State-Led Irredentist Campaigns

Mapping Separatism

Critical Cartography: Counter-Mapping New National Narratives

Nationalism in the Everyday: State Ephemera

Money

Stamps

Clothing and Textiles

Popular Culture and National Identity

Conclusion

CHAPTER 5: ACTION, PERFORMANCE, AND AGENCY

Performing National Tradition and Heritage

Festival Celebrations

Tourism and Performance

Nationalism and Sport

Personifying the Nation

Male and Female Symbolism

Role of Rurality

National Performance through Policy

Competing National Performances

Agency and Language

Conclusion

CHAPTER 6: MULTINATIONAL, FEDERALIST, AND SUPRANATIONALIST STATES

The Nature of the Multinational State

Types of Multinational States

Multinational Identification

The Political Organization of Multinationalism

Non-territorial Approaches

Territorial Approaches

Federal or Unitary Systems for Multinational Governance

Spain

Ethiopia

India

Supranationalism in Concept and Practice

The European Union as a Supranational Entity

Conclusion

CHAPTER 7: ETHNO-REGIONALIST AND ETHNO-NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS

How Culture and Region Interact

Secession Motivations and Tradeoffs

Nationalism within Fragmented Geographies

Jewish Fragmentation and Zionism

Black Nationalism in the United States

Indigenous Nationalism in Australia

Classic Regional Separatism

Aspects of a Separatist Movement

Where the Costs of Independence are Too High

How Shifting Geopolitical Considerations Change the Balance

How Changing Sense of National Identity Affects the Prospects for Separation

Autonomy within Special Regions

Nationalism within Dispersed Geographies

Classic Irredentism

Nations Straddling Multiple Borders

Conclusion

CHAPTER 8: NATIONALISM AT THE LOCAL SCALE

National Divisions within the City

Local Boundaries and National Tensions

Establishing Parallel Societies

The Symbolic Weighting of Capital Cities

Capitals as Advancing a National Project

Capitals as Mediating between Cultural Groups

The Urban Landscape and Nationalism

Landscapes as Reflective of Shifting National Identities

Landscapes as Reflective of Abrupt Changes

Landscapes as Reflective of Authoritarianism

Urban Violence as Nationalistic Expression

Sectarian Urban Violence

Ethnonationalist Violence Against the City

Conclusion

CHAPTER 9: HOW DO NATIONALISM AND GEOGRAPHY INTERACT

Territory

Landscape

Scale

Mapping

Nationalism and Geography into the Future

Bibliography