The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research

Norman K. Denzin was Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Communications, College of Communications Scholar, and Research Professor of Communications, Sociology, and Humanities at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. One of the world’s foremost authorities on qualitative research and cultural criticism, he was the author or editor of more than 30 books, including The Qualitative Manifesto; Qualitative Inquiry Under Fire; Reading Race; Interpretive Ethnography; The Cinematic Society; The Alcoholic Self; and a trilogy on the American West. He was past editor of The Sociological Quarterly, co-editor of six editions of the landmark SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, co-editor (with Michael D. Giardina) of 18 books on qualitative inquiry, co-editor (with Yvonna S. Lincoln and Michael D. Giardina) of the methods journal Qualitative Inquiry, founding editor of Cultural Studies-Critical Methodologies and International Review of Qualitative Research, editor of four book series, and founding director of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.  Yvonna S. Lincoln is Professor Emerita at Texas A&M University, where she held the Ruth Harrington Chair of Educational Leadership and was Distinguished Professor of Higher Education. She is the coeditor of the journal Qualitative Inquiry, coeditor of the first through six editions of The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, and coeditor of The SAGE Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies. As well, she is the coauthor, editor, or coeditor of more than a half dozen other books and volumes. She has served as the President of the Association for the Study of Higher Education and the American Evaluation Research Association, and as the Vice President for Division J (Postsecondary Education) for the American Educational Research Association. She is the author of coauthor of more than 100 chapters and journal articles on aspects of higher education or qualitative research methods and methodologies.  Michael D. Giardina is Professor of Physical Culture and Qualitative Inquiry in the Department of Sport Management at Florida State University, USA. He is the author or editor of more than 20 books, including the award-winning Sport, Spectacle, and NASCAR Nation: Consumption and the Cultural Politics of Neoliberalism (with Joshua Newman; Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) and Collaborative Futures in Qualitative Inquiry: Research in a Pandemic (with Norman K. Denzin; Routledge, 2021). He is a two-time recipient of the NASSS Outstanding Book Award (2006, 2012). He is the coeditor of Qualitative Inquiry, coeditor of Cultural Studies?Critical Methodologies, coeditor of International Review of Qualitative Research, coeditor of three book series on qualitative inquiry for Routledge, and Director of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (ICQI). He can be followed on Twitter @mdgiardinaFSU. Gaile S. Cannella is an independent scholar who for many years served as a tenured Full Professor at Texas A&M University – College Station and at Arizona State University – Tempe, as well as the Velma Schmidt Endowed Chair of Education at the University of North Texas.  Her scholarship focuses on diverse constructions of critical qualitative inquiry, reconceptualist and critical childhood studies, and justice broadly related to childhood, support for diversity, environmental studies and human/nonhuman conceptualizations and power orientations.  Dr. Cannella’s work has appeared in more than 100 chapters and journal articles; she has authored or edited 11 books that include Childhood in More Just Worlds: An International Handbook; the Critical Qualitative Research Reader; Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Care and Education; Critical Qualitative Inquiry Foundations and Futures; and Childhood and Postcolonialism. She focuses on facilitating the work of critical scholars through both edited volumes and special journal issues and has initiated research projects that explore topics like racism in qualitative research, liminalities and hybrid lives, and justice matters(ings). Her doctoral students have received a range of national and international dissertation awards. Dr. Cannella also received the 2017 Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Education and Care Bloch Career Award.

Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research - Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, Michael D. Giardina, and Gaile S. Cannella
Part I: Locating the Field
A History of Qualitative Inquiry in Social and Educational Research - Frederick Erickson
Ethics, Research Regulations, and Critical Qualitative Science - Gaile S. Cannella and Yvonna S. Lincoln
Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences, Revisited - Yvonna S. Lincoln, Susan A. Lynham, and Egon G. Guba
Part II: Philosophies of Inquiry
Feminist Inquiry - Bronwyn Davies
Critical Race Theory and the Postracial Imaginary - Jamel K. Donnor and Gloria Ladson-Billings
Intersectionality Methodology: A Qualitative Research Imperative for Black Women’s Lives - Chayla Haynes, Saran Stewart, and Lori D. Patton
Queer/Quare Theory: Worldmaking and Methodologies (Revisited) - Bryant Keith Alexander
Critical Disability Studies and Diverse Bodyminds in Qualitative Inquiry - Emily A. Nusbaum & Jessica Nina Lester
Critical Post-Intentional Phenomenological Inquiry (crit-PIP): Why it Matters and What it Can Do - Mark D. Vagle, Keitha-Gail Martin-Kerr, Jana LoBello Miller, Bisola Wald, & Hazen Fairbanks
Why We Do Indigenous Methodologies: Contemplations On Indigenous Protocol, Theory and Method - Sweeney Windchief, Timothy San Pedro, and Margaret Kovach
Postcolonial and Decolonized Knowing: Speaking “Nearby”: A Letter to Rekha - Devika Chawla
Poststructural Engagements - Aaron M. Kuntz
Agential Realism, Intra-Action, and Diffractive Methodology - Serge F. Hein
Part III: Practices of Inquiry
Examining the ‘inside lives’ of research interviews - Kathryn Roulston
Observation in a Surveilled World - Jack Bratich
Ethnographic Futures: Embodied, Diffractive, and Decolonizing Approaches - Michael D. Giardina and Michele K. Donnelly
Critical Situational Analysis after the Interpretive Turn - Adele E. Clarke, Carrie Friese & Rachel Washburn
Thematic Analysis - Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
Qualitative Social Media Methods: Netnography in the Age of Technocultures - Robert V. Kozinets and Ulrike Gretzel
Autoethnography as Becoming-with - Tony E. Adams and Stacy Holman Jones
Performance Shapes for Qualitative Inquiry - Johnny Saldaña
The Arts as Research: Nomadic Materiality and Possible Futures - Richard Siegesmund
Communicative Methodology: Working Together with the Roma Community for Improving Their Lives - Aitor Gómez Gonzalez
Betweener Autoethnographies: Collaborative Inquiry from the Borderlands - Claudio Moreira and Marcelo Diversi
Part IV: The Politics of Evidence, Science, and Knowledge
Qualitative Inquiry and Public Health Science: Case Studies from the COVID-19 Pandemic - Trisha Greenhalgh and Ama de-Graft Aikins
Science, evidence and the development of policy and practice: Can Qualitative Research Make a Different Contribution? - Harry Torrance
Co-production and Impact: Challenges and Opportunities - Brett Smith and Kerry R. McGannon
The Elephant in the Living Room, or, Extending the Conversation about the Politics of Evidence, Part 2 - Norman K. Denzin
Backsliding Toward Illiberal Democracy & Authoritarianism: Qualitative Inquiry, Academic Freedom, and Technologies of Governance - Marc Spooner
Part V: Into the Future
Academic Survival: Qualitative Researchers in the Neoliberal Academy - Julianne Cheek
Publishing and Reviewing Qualitative Research - Mitchell Allen
Qualitative Inquiry and Posthuman Futures: Justice and Challenging the Human/Nonhuman Life Dichotomy - Mirka Koro and Gaile S. Cannella
The Future of Qualitative Research - Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, Michael D. Giardina, and Gaile S. Cannella