Institutionalizing Violence

Jérôme Drevon is senior analyst on Jihad and Modern Conflict at the International Crisis Group (ICG) and research associate at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) (Centre on Conflict, Development & Peacebuilding (CCDP)). He was previously advisor for Non-State Armed Groups at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Jerome has undertaken extensive field research and interviews with salafi jihadi militants in Egypt and Syria.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
List of Abbreviations
Arabic Glossary
Arabic Transliteration

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.1. How Important are Jihadi Groups' Strategic Developments?
1.2. Jihad and its Aftermath in Egypt
1.3. The Concepts of Radicalization and Institutionalization
1.4. The First Argument: Jihadi Groups' Radicalization and Institutionalization
1.5. The Second Argument: Jihadi Groups' Institutionalization and Long-Term Strategic Evolution
1.6. The Scope of the Model and Contribution to Existing Research
1.7. Overview of the Chapters

CHAPTER 2 Institutionalizing Violence

2.1. Jihadi Groups' Relational Radicalization
2.2. Comparative Mechanisms of Radicalization and Beyond
2.3. Jihadi Groups' Institutionalization
2.4. Radicalization and Institutionalization
2.5. Institutionalization and Long-Term Strategic Evolution

CHAPTER 3 Two Trajectories to Jihad

3.1. The Seeds of Violence Before and After Nasser's Free Officers
3.2. Religion and Politics Under Sadat
3.3. Covert Jihad Group Mobilization
3.4. From Mass Movement Proselytization to Jihad
3.5. Towards an Armed Confrontation: Killing Pharaoh
3.6. Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 Strategy Institutionalization

4.1. Cementing the Roots of Salafi Jihadi Opposition to the Regime in Prison
4.2. Early Institutionalization after Sadat's Assassination Trials
4.3. Denouncing Other Islamists and Religious Institutions
4.4. A Contentious Exile to Afghanistan and Pakistan and the Cradle of al-Qaeda
4.5. Ideological Radicalization in Exile?
4.6. A Strategic Deadlock and the Transnationalization of Jihad
4.7. Reinterpreting Salafi Jihadi Ideology
4.8. Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 Confronting the Regime and Fighting the Far Enemy

5.1. Reacting to Repression
5.2. The Militarization of the Conflict
5.3. A Fight for Survival
5.4. Relocating Jihad Abroad
5.5. Conclusion

CHAPTER 6 The Emergence of Non-Violent Political Alternatives

6.1. What Happened to the Other Islamists?
6.2. The Institutionalization of Jihadi Groups' Collective Identities
6.3. Responding to a Short-Lived Democratization
6.4. Conclusion

CHAPTER 7 Conclusion

7.1. The Institutional Trajectories of the Islamic and Jihad Groups
7.2. Armed Violence Beyond Egypt
7.2.1. The Strategic Development of Al-Qaeda and Islamic State
7.2.2. Political Violence and Democracy
7.2.2. The Role of Ideas
7.3. Understanding Jihadi Groups as Groups

Annex: Methodology and Field Research
Bibliography