South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2022

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Prof. Anna Ayuso. Senior Research Fellow at Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB), Barcelona, Spain. Dr Marc Becker. Professor of History, Latin American History, at Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA. Dr Peter Clegg. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Dr John Crabtree. Research Associate at the Latin American Centre at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Prof. Justin Daniel. Professor of Political Science at the University of the Antilles and President of the Economic, Social, Environmental, Cultural and Education Council of Martinique. Dr David Díaz Arias. Associate Professor of History and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of History at the University of Costa Rica. Fabio Andrés Díaz Pabón. Researcher at the African Centre of Excellence for Inequality Research at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, Research Associate in the Department of Political and International Studies at Rhodes University, South Africa, and Researcher at the International Institute of Social Studies at Erasmus University, Netherlands. Dr Robert Funk. Senior Associate, Americas Program, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, USA. Prof. Francisco E. González. Senior Associate Professor in International Political Economy Latin America at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA. Prof. Susanne Gratius. Professor of International Law at the Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. Laura Henao-Izquierdo. Peacebuilder practitioner, Researcher at the Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular/Programa por la Paz, Bogotá, Colombia, and Specialist in Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, and in Epistemologies from the South. Member of the United Network of Young Peacebuilders Research Network. Prof. Peter Lambert. Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Bath, United Kingdom. Dr Francesca Lessa. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research Fellow at the Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Prof. Robert E. Looney. International consultant specializing in economic development and Distinguished Professor, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. Ivan Luzardo-Luna. Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. Prof. Robin Mahon. Professor Emeritus of Marine Affairs in the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. Dr Patrick McConney. Senior Lecturer in Marine Resource Management Planning and Director of the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. Ellen Moodie. Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. Dr Emily Morris. Honorary Research Associate in the Economic Development of Latin America and the Caribbean at University College London’s Institute of the Americas, United Kingdom. Prof. Hazel A. Oxenford. Professor of Marine Ecology and Fisheries in the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. María Gabriela Palacio Ludeña. Assistant Professor in Modern History in the Latin American Studies Programme at Leiden University, Netherlands. Prof. Francisco Panizza. Professor of Latin American and Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom. Flávio Pinheiro. Assistant Professor in Public Policy at Federal University of ABC, Brazil. Pietro Carlos de Souza Rodrigues. Postdoctoral Researcher at the Brazilian Centre for Research and Planning (CEBRAP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prof. Mónica Serrano. Professor at the Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Colegio de México, Mexico. Dr Ximena Sosa. Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of the Hemispheres, Quito, Ecuador. Dr Ronald Bruce St John. Independent scholar specializing in the political economy of developing states. Dr Ronny Viales-Hurtado. Professor of Economic History in the Graduate Programme of the University of Costa Rica. Dr Stephen Wilkinson. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Buckingham, United Kingdom. Mark Wilson. Writer and researcher specializing in Caribbean affairs. Dr Christopher Wylde. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations in the Department of Business, Law and Society at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, United Kingdom.

PART ONE General Survey

The Deepening of Inequalities in Latin America During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

MARÍA GABRIELA PALACIO LUDEÑA and FABIO ANDRÉS DÍAZ PABÓN

Caribbean Overseas Territories: What Does the Future Hold?

Dr PETER CLEGG

US-Mexican Relations under the Biden Administration: Business as Usual?

MÓNICA SERRANO

The Blue Economy in the Caribbean

Dr PETER CLEGG, Dr PATRICK McCONNEY, Prof. ROBIN MAHON and Prof. HAZEL OXENFORD

COVID-19 in the Caribbean: A Reticent Recovery?

Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Transitional Justice in Latin America: The Enduring Legacy of the Past Three Decades after Democratic Transition

Dr FRANCESCA LESSA

PART TWO Country Surveys

Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.

ANGUILLA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

ARGENTINA

History Dr CHRISTOPHER WYLDE

Economy Dr CHRISTOPHER WYLDE

ARUBA

THE BAHAMAS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BARBADOS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BELIZE

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BERMUDA

BOLIVIA

History Dr RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

BONAIRE

BRAZIL

History Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

Economy PIETRO CARLOS DE SOUZA RODRIGUES and FLÁVIO PINHEIRO

THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

CHILE

History Dr ROBERT FUNK

Economy IVAN LUZARDO-LUNA

COLOMBIA

History LAURA HENAO-IZQUIERDO

Economy IVAN LUZARDO-LUNA

COSTA RICA

History Dr DAVID DÍAZ ARIAS

Economy Dr RONNY VIALES-HURTADO

CUBA

History Dr STEPHEN WILKINSON

Economy Dr EMILY MORRIS

CURAÇAO

DOMINICA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

ECUADOR

History Dr MARC BECKER

Economy Dr XIMENA SOSA

EL SALVADOR

History ELLEN MOODIE

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

THE FALKLAND ISLANDS

FRENCH GUIANA

History Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

Economy Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

GRENADA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

GUADELOUPE

History Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

Economy Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

GUATEMALA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

GUYANA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

HAITI

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

HONDURAS

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

JAMAICA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

MARTINIQUE

History Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

Economy Prof. JUSTIN DANIEL

MEXICO

History Prof. FRANCISCO E. GONZÁLEZ

Economy Prof. FRANCISCO E. GONZÁLEZ

MONTSERRAT

NICARAGUA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PANAMA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PARAGUAY

History Prof. PETER LAMBERT

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PERU

History Dr RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN

Economy Dr JOHN CRABTREE

PUERTO RICO

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

SABA

SAINT-BARTHÉLEMY

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SAINT LUCIA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SAINT-MARTIN

SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SINT EUSTATIUS

SINT MAARTEN

SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS

SURINAME

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS

THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS

URUGUAY

History Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

Economy Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

VENEZUELA

History Prof. Dr ANNA AYUSO and Prof. Dr SUSANNE GRATIUS

Economy Prof. Dr ANNA AYUSO and Prof. Dr SUSANNE GRATIUS

Part Three Regional Information

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

MAJOR COMMODITIES OF LATIN AMERICA

RESEARCH INSTITUTES CONCERNED WITH LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)