South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2021

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Prof. Anna Ayuso. Senior Research Fellow at Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB), Barcelona, Spain. Dr Marc Becker. Professor of History, Latin American History, at Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA. Prof. Jessica Byron. Director of the Institute of International Relations at the University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago. Dr Peter Clegg. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Dr John Crabtree. Research Associate at the Latin American Centre at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr David Diaz Arias. Associate Professor of History and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of History at the University of Costa Rica. Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon. Researcher at the African Centre of Excellence for Inequality Research at the University of Cape Town, and Research Associate in the Department of Political and International Studies at Rhodes University, South Africa. Dr Robert Funk. Senior Associate, Americas Program, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, USA. Prof. Francisco E. Gonzalez. Senior Associate Professor in International Political Economy Latin America at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA. Prof. Susanne Gratius. Professor of International Law at the Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. Prof. Antoni Kapcia. Professor of Latin American History and Director of the Centre for Research on Cuba at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. Prof. Peter Lambert. Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Bath, United Kingdom. Dr Francesca Lessa. Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellow at the Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Prof. Robert E. Looney. International consultant specializing in economic development and Distinguished Professor, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. Ivan Luzardo-Luna. Researcher specializing in Latin American economic affairs. Prof. Robin Mahon. Professor Emeritus of Marine Affairs in the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. Dr Patrick McConney. Senior Lecturer in Marine Resource Management Planning and Director of the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. Ellen Moodie. Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. Dr Emily Morris. Honorary Research Associate in the Economic Development of Latin America and the Caribbean at University College London’s Institute of the Americas, United Kingdom. Prof. Hazel A. Oxenford. Professor of Marine Ecology and Fisheries in the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies at the University of the West Indies, Barbados. Maria Gabriela Palacio Ludeña. Assistant Professor in Development Studies in the Faculty of Humanities at Leiden University, Netherlands. Prof. Francisco Panizza. Professor of Latin American and Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom. Flavio Pinheiro. Assistant Professor in Public Policy at Federal University of ABC, Brazil. Pietro Carlos de Souza Rodrigues. Researcher in International Relations at King’s College London, United Kingdom, and University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Juan Carlos Sarazua. Postdoctoral scholar at the Centro Peninsular en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Autonomous University of Mexico, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Prof. Monica Serrano. Professor at the Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Colegio de Mexico, Mexico. Dr Ximena Sosa. Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of the Hemispheres, Quito, Ecuador. Dr Ronald Bruce St John. Independent scholar specializing in the political economy of developing states. Dr Ronny Viales-Hurtado. Professor of Economic History in the Graduate Programme of the University of Costa Rica. Mark Wilson. Writer and researcher specializing in Caribbean affairs. Dr Christopher Wylde. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations in the Department of Business, Law and Society at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, United Kingdom.

PART ONE General Survey

The ‘Great Regression’: Protests in Latin America

FABIO ANDRES DIAZ PABON and MARIA GABRIELA PALACIO LUDEÑA

The Blue Economy in the Caribbean

Dr PETER CLEGG, Dr PATRICK McCONNEY, Prof. ROBIN MAHON and Prof. HAZEL OXENFORD

Transitional Justice in Latin America: the Enduring Legacy of the Past Three Decades after Democratic Transition

Dr FRANCESCA LESSA

Caribbean Overseas Territories: Economic Vulnerability in Stark Relief

Dr PETER CLEGG

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and US-Mexican Relations in 2020

MONICA SERRANO

COVID-19 in the Caribbean

Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PART TWO Country Surveys

Sections on geography, history and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.

ANGUILLA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

ARGENTINA

History Dr CHRISTOPHER WYLDE

Economy Dr CHRISTOPHER WYLDE

ARUBA

THE BAHAMAS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BARBADOS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BELIZE

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

BERMUDA

BOLIVIA

History Dr RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN

Economy Dr JOHN CRABTREE

BONAIRE

BRAZIL

History Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

Economy PIETRO CARLOS DE SOUZA RODRIGUES and FLAVIO PINHEIRO

THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

CHILE

History Dr ROBERT FUNK

Economy IVAN LUZARDO-LUNA

COLOMBIA

History FABIO ANDRES DIAZ PABON

Economy IVAN LUZARDO-LUNA

COSTA RICA

History Dr DAVID DIAZ ARIAS

Economy Dr RONNY VIALES-HURTADO

CUBA

History Prof. ANTONI KAPCIA

Economy Dr EMILY MORRIS

CURAÇAO

DOMINICA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

ECUADOR

History Dr MARC BECKER

Economy Dr XIMENA SOSA

EL SALVADOR

History ELLEN MOODIE

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

THE FALKLAND ISLANDS

FRENCH GUIANA

History JESSICA BYRON

Economy JESSICA BYRON

GRENADA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

GUADELOUPE

History JESSICA BYRON

Economy JESSICA BYRON

GUATEMALA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy JUAN CARLOS SARAZUA

GUYANA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

HAITI

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

HONDURAS

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

JAMAICA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

MARTINIQUE

History JESSICA BYRON

Economy JESSICA BYRON

MEXICO

History Prof. FRANCISCO E. GONZALEZ

Economy Prof. FRANCISCO E. GONZALEZ

MONTSERRAT

NICARAGUA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PANAMA

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PARAGUAY

History Prof. PETER LAMBERT

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

PERU

History Dr RONALD BRUCE ST JOHN

Economy Dr JOHN CRABTREE

PUERTO RICO

History Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

Economy Prof. ROBERT E. LOONEY

SABA

SAINT-BARTHELEMY

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SAINT LUCIA

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SAINT-MARTIN

SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

SINT EUSTATIUS

SINT MAARTEN

SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS

SURINAME

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

History MARK WILSON

Economy MARK WILSON

THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS

THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS

URUGUAY

History Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

Economy Prof. FRANCISCO PANIZZA

VENEZUELA

History Prof. Dr ANNA AYUSO and Prof. Dr SUSANNE GRATIUS

Economy Prof. Dr ANNA AYUSO and Prof. Dr SUSANNE GRATIUS

Part Three Regional Information

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

MAJOR COMMODITIES OF LATIN AMERICA

RESEARCH INSTITUTES CONCERNED WITH LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)