Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments

Kevin McCain is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. His published works include Evidentialism and Epistemic Justification (2014), The Nature of Scientific Knowledge: An Explanatory Approach (2016), (with Ted Poston) Best Explanations: New Essays on Inference to the Best Explanation (2017), and (with Kostas Kampourakis) Uncertainty: How It Makes Science Advance (2019).

1. Promotions and Traveling Friends (The Gettier Problem) 2. A Grisly Discovery (Causal Theory of Knowledge) 3. A Strange County (Fake Barns) 4. Red Barns and Blue Façades (Kripke’s Barn) 5. The Tourist (Credit View of Knowledge) 6. A Horrible Library (Kvanvig’s Comanche Case) 7. The Quiz Show (Knowledge without Belief) 8. Trip to the Zoo (Dretske’s Zebra/Disguised Mule) 9. Saul the Superstitious Lawyer (Knowledge and Basing) 10. Going to the Bank (Contextualism) 11. Descartes’ Demon (Cartesian/External World Skepticism) 12. Descartes’ Dream (Dreaming Skepticism) 13. Is the Past Real? (Russell’s 5-minutes Old Universe) 14. Descartes’ Apple Sorting Problem (The Problem of the Criterion) 15. You’re Debased! (The Debasing Demon) 16. Winning the Lottery (Lottery Skepticism) 17. You Only Believe That Because…(Contingency of Belief) 18. Hot or Cold? (Anti-luminosity) 19. A Cut-Rate Eye Exam (Bootstrapping/Easy Knowledge) 20. Off to the Races! (Disjunction Objection to IBE) 21. To Transform or Not to Transform? (Transformative Experience) 22. Mary Sees an Apple (Knowledge Argument Against Physicalism) 23. The Unfortunate Twin (New Evil Demon Problem) 24. Psychic Powers (Clairvoyance Cases) 25. Avocados Are Healthy, But I Forgot Why (Forgotten Evidence) 26. The Sleepy Student (Problem of Stored Beliefs) 27. A Visitor from the Swamp (Swampman Objection to Proper Functionalism) 28. Missing the Show (Unpossessed Evidence 29. A Pair of Hens (Speckled Hen Problem) 30. Birdwatching (Problem of Background Beliefs; Novice/Expert) 31. Gold Rush (Cognitive Penetration) 32. Armchair Quarterback (Isolation/Input Objection to Coherentism) 33. The Unbelieving Teacher (Transmission View of Testimony—Necessity) 34. A Conspiracy (Transmission View of Testimony—Sufficiency) 35. He Can’t Possibly Know (Epistemic Injustice—Testimonial) 36. What’s Harassment? (Epistemic Injustice—Hermeneutical) 37. Expecting a Bad Tip (Moral Encroachment) 38. Splitting the Check (Disagreement—In Favor of Equal Weight) 39. Bad Math (Disagreement—Against Equal Weight) 40. Majority Rules? (Group Belief Aggregation) 41. A Gruesome Riddle (New Riddle of Induction/Grue) 42. Ravens Paradox 43. Dogmatism Puzzle 44. Sleeping Beauty 45. The Surprise Quiz Paradox 46. Knowability Paradox 47. Moore’s Paradox 48. Lottery Paradox 49. Preface Paradox 50. Proof Paradox