United States Immigration, 1800-1965

James S. Pula is Professor of History at Purdue University Northwest. He is the author of Polish Americans: An Ethnic Community and editor of The Polish American Encyclopedia.

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chronology: United States Immigration Timeline, 1790-1965
Questions to Consider
Documents
A. Documents By Immigrants
1. Christina Källström Writes Home to Sweden in 1848
2. California Landowners Protest the Difficulties in Retaining their Property Rights in 1859
3. The New York Tribune Urges Irish Residents to Vote for Irish Candidates in 1867
4. Chinese Immigrant Huie Kin Meets America in 1868
5. Friedrich Kapp Describes the Immigrant's Arrival in New York in 1870
6. Philippe Lemay Explains Why French Canadians Migrated to New England in the Late 19th Century
7. Saum Song Bo Comments on the Irony of the Statue of Liberty in 1885
8. Rose Cohen Describes Leaving Russia for America in 1892
9. The Treatment of Italian Contract Labor Workers in 1893
10. Carl Schurz Explains the Importance of Language Retention to Immigrants in 1897
11. Rosa Sonneschein Discusses the Assimilation of Female Jews in America
12. The Polish Woman's Alliance of America in 1898
13. The Sons of Italy Organization in 1905
14. Rev. Wacław Kruszka Describes a Distinct Type of Pole in America in 1908
15. An Italian Family Arrives at Ellis Island in 1912
16. Mexicans in Chicago React to Repatriation in 1929
17. Political Cartoon: 'Costly Cleanup of the Yalta Stain,' 1950
18. Photograph: New Country, New Name
B. Documents About Immigrants
Pro-Immigrant
19. Thomas Nichols Explains Why Immigration is Good for America in 1845
20. Putnam's Monthly Responds to the Know-Nothings in May 1855
21. Bishop Martin J. Spalding Supports Allowing Immigrants to Vote in 1855
22. Political Cartoon: Everyone is Welcome at the Table
23. Political Cartoon: When political parties think alike
24. Political Cartoon: A refuge from danger and suffering
25. Senator George F. Hoar Opposes the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882
26. Photograph: How the other half lives
27. Political Cartoon: What if indigenous people opposed immigration?
28. Daniel De Leon Challenges the National Liberal Immigration League in 1907
29. Percy Grant Agues for the Value of Education in Promoting Assimilation in 1912
30. Illustration: A time for unity
31. Political Cartoon: A new roadblock to opportunity
32. Rev. T. J. Brennan Opposes the Literacy Test in 1917
33. Harris Weinstock Refutes Anti-immigrant Claims by Organized Labor in 1917
34. Melvin B. Tolson has a “Rendezvous with America,” 1944
35. Photograph: Operation Pedro Pan, 1960-1962
36. Political Cartoon: Remodeling the Statue of Liberty
Anti-Immigrant
37. Congressman Lewis C. Levin Argues Against Immigrants Voting in 1847
38. Political Cartoon: The immigrant and the vote
39. Political Cartoon/Advertisement: The Know-Nothing Platform
40. The New York Mirror Argues that America Ought to be Reserved for Americans in 1855
41. Thomas Whitney Argues that the Catholic Church is Not Compatible with Democratic Institutions in 1856
42. Political Cartoon: Raising public fear over religion
43. Political Cartoon: Older immigrants claim precedence over newer arrivals
44. Political Cartoon: Who is welcome?
45. Henry Cabot Lodge Calls on the Senate to Enact a Literacy Test in 1896
46. John Mitchell Argues that Immigration Hurts Labor in 1909
47. Madison Grant Uses Racial Arguments for Immigration Restriction in 1916
48. Political Cartoon: Stoking political fears
49. Political Cartoon: The ethnic filter

C. Government Documents
Reports
50. Thomas Jefferson's First Annual Message to Congress
51. A New York Commission Investigates Disease on the Sailing Ship Leibnitz
52. The New York State Commissioners of Immigration Explain the Purpose of Castle Garden in 1870
53. Mary Kingsbury Describes Life in New York City in 1898
54. President Harry Truman Vetoes the McCarran-Walter Act, 1952
55. The Attorney General Supports Immigration Reform, 1965
Legislation
56. The Steerage Act of 1819
57. The Naturalization Act of 1870
58. The Page Act of 1875
59. America Closes the Door to the Chinese in 1882
60. The Immigration Act of 1885
61. Congress Moves to Further Limit Immigration in 1891
62. The Immigration Act of 1903 Excludes Anarchists
63. Congress Establishes a Literacy Test Requirement for Immigration in 1917
64. The Immigration Act of 1921 Establishes Nationality Quotas
65. The Immigration Act of 1924 Restricts Entry into the U.S.
66. The McCarran-Walter Act, 1952
67. The Hart-Celler Act of 1965
Court Cases
68. Ho Ah Kow Sues to Protect His Dignity and Sets a Legal Precedent in 1879
69. Won Kim Ark Tests the Fourteenth Amendment in 1898
70. The Supreme Court Denies Naturalization to Japanese Immigrants in 1922
71. U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind
Epilogue
Glossary of Terms
Select Bibliography