Brain Structure, Learning, And Memory

Davis, Joel Lance

"Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 LEARNING AND THE SINGLE CELL: CELLULAR STRATEGIES FOR INFORMATION STORAGE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM / Gregory A. Clark and Robert D. Hawkins -- Habituation and Sensitization of the Gill and Siphon-Withdrawal Reflex -- Classical Conditioning of the Gill and Siphon-Withdrawal Reflex -- Learning and the Single Cell -- 2 RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY, SYNAPTIC CHANGES, AND THE ""HOW AND WHAT"" OF MEMORY STORAGE IN SIMPLE CORTICAL NETWORKS / Gary Lynch and John Larson -- Introduction -- The Long-Term Potentiation Effect -- Activity Patterns and Long- Term Potentiation -- Some Network-Level Considerations -- LTP and Learning in Cortical Networks -- Discussion -- 3 LOCALIZATION OF THE ESSENTIAL MEMORY TRACE CIRCUIT FOR A LEARNED RESPONSE /Richard F. Thompson -- The Problem of Localization -- The Model Biological System Approach -- Cerebellum: The Locus of the Memory Trace? -- Conclusions and Speculations -- 4 KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION (""LEARNING"") BY THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX / B.L. Whitsel and D. G. Kelly --Introduction -- Experimental Bases for a Conceptual Model of Somatosensory Information Processing -- A Conceptual Model of Somatosensory Cortical Information Processing Mathematical Modeling of Neural Network Pattern Formation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- 5 STOCHASTIC MODELS OF NEURAL NETWORKS INVOLVED IN LEARNING AND MEMORY / Muhammad K. Habib and Pranab K. Sen -- Introduction -- Stochastic Models for Subthreshold Neuronal Activities -- Randomly Stopped, Nonstationary Diffusion Processes -- Stochastic Point-Process Models and Applications to Neuronal Plasticity Cross-Correlation Surfaces of Simultaneously Recorded Spike Trains -- Estimation of Cross-Correlation Surfaces and Intensity Processes -- Applications to Multicellular Recordings in Studies of Neuronal Plasticity --6 LOCAL AND GLOBAL FACTORS IN LEARNING / Leon N Cooper -- Networks That Remember -- Networks That Learn -- Summary of Related Visual Cortex Experimental Data -- Modification of Cortical Synapses: Local and Global Variables -- Extension to Networks -- Experimental Test of Changes in Inhibitory Activity Due to Visual Experience -- Possible Candidates for Global Controllers -- 7 COMPONENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING / Richard H. Granger, Jr., Jeffrey C. Schlimmer, and Michal Young -- Introduction -- The CEL Framework for Information Storage and Retrieval Contingency and Salience Assignment -- Latency: Learning When to Respond -- Related Work --Conclusions -- 8 NEURAL DYNAMICS OF CATEGORY LEARNING AND RECOGNITION: ATTENTION, MEMORY CONSOLIDATION, AND AMNESIA / Gail A. Carpenter and Stephen Grossberg -- Introduction: Self-Organization of Recognition Categories -- Bottom-Up Adaptive Filtering and Contrast-Enhancement in Short-Term Memory -- Top-Down Template Matching and Stabilization of Code Learning --Attentional Gain Control and Attentional Priming -- Matching: The 2/3 Rule -- Direct Access to Subsets and Supersets -- Weber Law Rule and Associative Decay Rule for Long- Term Memory -- Fast Learning and Slow Learning: The Direct Access Rule -- Stable Choices in Short- Term Memory -- Order of Search and the Subset Recoding Property -- An Example of Code Instability -- Search of Subsets, Supersets, and Mixed Sets -- The Nature of Categorical Invariance During Learning -- Vigilance, Orienting, and Reset -- Distinguishing Signal from Noise in Patterns of Variable Complexity: Weighing the Evidence -- Vigilance Level Tunes Categorical Coarseness: Environmental Feedback -- Universal Recognition Design Across Modalities -- Interdisciplinary Relationship: Word Recognition, Evoked Potentials, and Medial Temporal Amnesia -- APPENDIX- Network Equations -- STM Equations -- LTM Equations -- STM Reset System -- Contributors -- Index.
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