From Partisan Banking to Open Access (eBook)

Qian Lu is Assistant Professor at the School of Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics in Beijing, China.

Foreword I 7
Foreword II 10
Foreword III 13
Acknowledgements 14
Contents 17
List of Figures 19
List of Tables 23
1 Was the US Born Modern? 25
Abstract 25
1Is Civil Society a Natural Outcome of Democracy? 26
2Why did Americans Opened Access to Corporations? 28
3Conceptual Framework: Impersonal Rules and Open Access for Organizations 31
4Preview of the Book 33
Bibliography 36
2 The History of Partisan Banking 38
Abstract 38
1Banking History, 1780–1810 39
2From Deferential Politics to Partisan Politics 42
3Partisan Banking, 1799–1810 45
4Democratic-Republicans, Elbridge Gerry, and Political Reform of 1811 47
5Banking Reform of 1811 50
6Parties, Banks, and Laws, 1820–1850s 55
7Conclusion 59
Bibliography 63
3 Empirical Studies on Bankers, Legislators, and Political Parties, 1790–1859 66
Abstract 66
1Introduction 67
2Data 68
2.1Sample of All Bankers 75
2.2Sample of Boston Bankers 80
3Regimes of Party Competition 84
3.1The First Party Regime: 1780–1821 84
3.2The Non-party Regime: 1820–1830 93
3.3The Second Party Regime: 1830–1860 94
4Regression Studies on Parties and Legislators, 1797–1824 96
5Bank Level Analysis 102
6Conclusion 105
Bibliography 107
4 Empirical Studies on Political Connection of Suffolk Legislators, 1790–1859 108
Abstract 108
1Introduction 108
2Data and Empirical Tests 109
3Conclusion 113
5 Empirical Studies on Bankers’ Wealth and Bank Balance Sheets 115
Abstract 115
1Introduction 115
2Bankers’ Wealth, 1829–1859 116
2.1Introduction 116
2.2Data 118
2.3The Basic Results 122
2.4Robustness Checks 131
3Bank Balance Sheet 152
3.1Introduction 152
3.2Data 154
3.3Empirical Results 159
4Conclusion 176
Bibliography 178
6 An Intra-Elite Explanation of Open Access 179
Abstract 179
Bibliography 185
7 Conclusion: Democracy, Civil Society, Elites, and Impersonal Rules 186
Abstract 186
Bibliography 194
Appendix 195
Bibliography 200
Index 204