Multicultural Psychology

Pamela Balls Organista is Professor of Psychology and Associate Dean for Social Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of San Francisco. Her research interests are in the areas of ethnic minority health issues and prevention, including migrant laborers and AIDS, and stress and coping in primary care patients. She is the founding faculty coordinator of the Ethnic Studies Program. Gerardo Marín was Professor Emeritus of Psychology and former Senior Vice Provost at the University of San Francisco and an APA Fellow. He wrote more than 135 publications on topics that are relevant to Hispanics, including cultural norms and attitudes, risk behaviors, culturally appropriate methodology, tobacco use, and acculturation. Kevin M. Chun is Professor of Psychology and co-founding faculty member of Asian Pacific American Studies and Critical Diversity Studies programs at the University of San Francisco. His research focuses on acculturation processes and their influences on immigrant health and psychosocial adjustment. He is a Fellow of the Asian American Psychological Association (AAPA).

Preface
Introduction

Chapter One. Psychology in a Multicultural World
What is Multicultural Psychology?
·Multicultural Psychology and Multiculturalism
Effects of Living in a Multicultural Society
The United States as a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Society
·Within-Group Diversity
Ancestry
Race and Ethnicity
Age Differences
Language Use and Proficiency
Educational Attainment
Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
Why Study Multicultural Psychology?
·Improving Psychological Research
Advancing Culturally Diverse Societies
Improving the Quality of Health and Human Services
Promoting Cultural Competencies
Multicultural Psychology, Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology
The Growth of Multicultural Psychology

Chapter Two. Key Theoretical Concepts
Understanding Culture
·Dimensions of Culture
Cultural Influences on Psychological Processes
Understanding Ethnicity
·The Problems of Ethnic Assessment and Labels
Understanding Race
·Whiteness
Social Orientations or Ways of Being
·Views of the Self Across Cultures
Social Stratification
Minority Status
Power and Privilege

Chapter Three. Responsible Research with Racial and Ethnic Communities
Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
A Definition of Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
·Implementing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
An Initial Consideration: Contextualization
Culturally Appropriate Methods
Choosing a Research Approach
·Key Issues in Developing Responsible, Culturally Appropriate Research
Instrument Characteristics
Properly Identifying and Describing Participants
Culturally Appropriate Analysis of Information or Data
·The Problem of Limited Participation in Research
Ethical Considerations
Informed Consent
Freedom to Discontinue Participation
Respect for Privacy and Confidentiality
Appropriate Balance Between Risks or Costs and Benefits

Chapter Four. Acculturation
·Defining Acculturation
Early Definitions
Contemporary Definitions
·Understanding Assimilation and Segmented Assimilation
Models of Acculturation
The Unidirectional Model of Acculturation
Berry’s Two Dimensional Model of Acculturation
A Social Context Model of Acculturation
The Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM)
The Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM)
·Biculturalism
Enculturation
Generational Differences and Acculturation
Acculturational Stress
Measuring Acculturation
Levels of Acculturation

Chapter Five. Intersectional Identities Part I: Racial, Ethnic and Class Dimensions
Understanding the Multiple and Intersecting Dimensions of Identity
Defining Racial, Ethnic and Class Identities
·Racial Identity
Ethnic Identity
Class Identity
Models of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development and Formation
·Racial Identity Development
Ethnic Identity Development
Factors Shaping Ethnic Identity Development
Multiracial Identity Development
Racial, Ethnic and Class Influences on Psychological Adjustment
·Racial Identity and Adjustment
Ethnic Identity and Adjustment
Biracial/Multiracial Identities and Adjustment
Class Identity and Adjustment

Chapter Six. Intersecting Identities Part II: Gender and Sexuality Dimensions
Defining Gender and Sexual Identities
·Gender Identity
Sexual Identity
Models of Gender and Sexual Identity Development and Formation
·Gender Typing and Gender Identity Formation
Sexual Identity Formation
Cultural, Family and Minority Considerations in “Coming Out”
·Asian Americans
Latinos
African Americans
Relationship of Gender and Sexual Identities to Psychosocial Adjustment
·Gender Identity and Adjustment
Sexual Identity and Adjustment

Chapter Seven. Family Structure, Relations, and Socialization
An Ecological Perspective of Family Functioning
How Do You Define a Family? Factors Affecting Family Structures and Household
·Arrangements
Migration
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Exposure to Stress and Trauma
Cultural Values and Belief
Family Functioning, Socialization, and Adjustment
·Parenting Styles
Parent-Child Relationships
Academic Achievement
Couple Relationships
Family Stress and Coping

Chapter Eight. Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination
Understanding Stereotypes
·Stereotype Content
Development of Stereotypes
Stereotype Characteristics and Effects
Prejudice and Discrimination
·Measuring Prejudice and Discrimination
The Experience of Discrimination
Why Do People Discriminate?
Racism
·Racial Microaggressions
Reducing Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism
·Intergroup Contact
Dialogue across Difference
School Desegregation
Other Promising Practices
The Benefits of a Multicultural Society

Chapter Nine. Physical Health and Wellbeing
Influential Models of Health
·Biomedical Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Ecological Models
Culture, Ethnicity, and Health
Health Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
·Defining Health Disparities
Examples of Health Disparities
Disparities in Healthcare Access and Quality
Factors Associated With Health Disparities
·Behavioral Lifestyle
Acculturation
Accessible and Affordable Health Care
Poverty and Community Characteristics
Undocumented Status
Discrimination and Racism
Environmental Racism
Spirituality and Religion
Reducing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: The Federal Government’s Approach
Culturally Competent Health Care

Chapter Ten. Psychological Adjustment
Mental Health and Psychological Distress
·A Broader Perspective on Adjustment
Prevalence and Risk of Major Psychological Disorders
·General Epidemiological Surveys
Surveys Specific to Ethnic Minority Communities
Major Disorders in Ethnic Minority Populations
Cultural Influences on the Explanation and Expression of Psychological Distress
·Service Utilization
Selected Factors Influencing Effective Delivery of Mental Health Services
Practical and Ethical Guidelines for Culturally Sensitive Practice

References
Photo Credit
Index