Networked Governance (eBook)

Prof. Dr. Betina Hollstein studied sociology at Philipps Universität Marburg and at the Free University, Berlin. She received her doctorate degree at the Free University, Berlin. Hollstein has been lecturer and researcher at the Universities in Berlin (Free University, Humboldt University), Munich and Mannheim, before she was appointed as professor of sociology at the University of Hamburg. Currently Betina Hollstein is professor of sociology at the University of Bremen. She is acting director of the SOCIUM - Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy at the University of Bremen. Besides, she is a member of the executive board of the German Sociological Association and a member of the board of directors of the International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA). Her research interests include social networks, sociology of the life-course, social inequality, and methods of empirical social research.Prof. Dr. Wenzel Matiaske studied Sociology, Political Science, and Economics at Philipps Universität Marburg and Public Administration at the German University of Administration Sciences Speyer. He worked as Research Assistant at the Universities of Paderborn and Mainz and held positions as Assistent Professor (1991-1998, Technische Universität Berlin), Acting Professor (1998-2000, University of Paderborg) and Full Professor of Business Administration at the International Institute for Management of Flensburg University (2000-2008). He is currently Professor at Helmut-Schmidt-University / University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg. Furthermore, he is associated as Research Professor with the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin.Prof. Dr. Kai-Uwe Schnapp studied Political Science and Public Administration in Berlin and Minneapolis. He worked as Junior Research Fellow at the Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB) and as postdoctoral researcher at the Otto-Friedrich-University  Bamberg and the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. He currently is Professor for Political Science, especially Research Methodology at the University of Hamburg.

Contents 5
Networked Governance: Taking Networks Seriously 7
1 Social Networks and Social Network Research 9
2 Organization of the Book 10
3 The Contributions 12
References 15
Part I: Networked Governance: General Issues 18
Networks, Social Capital, and Knowledge Production 19
1 Introduction 19
2 Knowledge, Innovation, and Learning 20
3 Production of Knowledge by Organizations, Markets, or Networks? 25
4 Network Strategies, Competencies, and the Governance of Networks 28
4.1 Stability and Dynamics of Knowledge and Competencies 29
4.2 Incentives and Institutions Governing Networks 31
5 A Macro-Level Perspective on Network Governance: Center, Periphery, and the Sources of Innovation 36
References 39
Managing Inter-organizational Networks: Governance and Practices Between Path Dependence and Uncertainty 47
1 Introduction 47
2 Network Management: Concepts and Levels 48
3 Network Management as Reflexive Structuration 49
4 Path Dependence: Beyond Persistencies 50
5 Uncertainty: Beyond Risk 52
6 Network Management Between Necessity and Impossibility 54
References 55
Governance Networks in Politics 58
1 Introduction to Theory 58
2 Networks and Political Power 62
3 Governance Networks and Decision Making 65
4 Conclusions 69
References 70
Part II: Types, Processes and Limits of Networked Governance 74
International Institutions of Financial Market Regulation: An Example of Network Governance? 75
References 84
Governing the Crossroads: Interstitial Communities and the Fate of Nonprofit Evaluation 86
1 Introduction 86
1.1 The Debate on Nonprofit Performance Evaluation 88
2 Forms of Networked Governance 91
2.1 Brokerage 92
2.2 Social Movements 93
2.3 Technology Innovation Clusters 95
2.4 Interstitial Communities 97
3 Conclusion: The Spatial Power of Bridging Domains 104
References 104
How Personal Networks Govern Educational Decisions 107
1 Introduction 107
2 Researching Widening Participation via a Network Approach 108
3 Fieldwork and Analysis 111
4 Network Influence in Practice 112
4.1 Collective Learning Identities 112
4.2 Occupational Dynasties 113
4.3 Educational Trajectories 113
4.4 Managed Ambivalence 114
5 Mobilising Network Capital 115
5.1 The Bounds of the Possible 115
5.2 Trickle-Up Effects 116
5.3 The Role of Non-family Peers 116
6 Conclusions 117
References 118
Performing Network Theory? Reflexive Relationship Management on Social Network Sites 120
1 From Serendipity to Strategy: Networks as Asset 120
2 From Description to Prescription: The Performativity Debate and Networking Practices 122
2.1 Science as Social Engineering 122
2.2 The Performative Loop of Social Network Analysis 123
3 Performativity Online: Socio-Technical Affordances of SNS 124
3.1 SNS as Camera I: Revealing Actual and Potential Ties 124
3.2 SNS as Camera II: Revealing Relational Status 126
4 Performativity Offline: The Evolving Genre of Network Guidelines 127
4.1 Translating Social Network Analysis into Business Advice: Academic Business Journals 127
4.2 How to ``Optimize´´ Your Network: Preliminary Results 128
4.3 Network Size 128
4.4 Network Diversity 129
4.5 Network Position and Networking Orientation 130
4.6 Theoretical Points of Reference 130
5 Performing Social Network Analysis? Summary and Conclusion 131
Appendix 1: Core and Sub Categories for the Text Analysis 133
Appendix 2: Papers Included in the Literature Review on Social Network Management and Online Networking (Sect. 4) 134
References 136
Part III: Investigating Networked Governance: Methodological Approaches 140
Simulating the Dynamics of Socio-Economic Systems 141
1 The Nature and Goals of Social Simulation 142
1.1 Simulations as an Alternative/Supplement to Statistical Modeling 144
2 A Review of Simulations for Networks and for Governance 146
2.1 Hypothesis Testing 148
2.2 Simulations to Explore Possible Outcomes 150
3 Evaluating Simulations 151
4 Case Study 152
4.1 Network Intervention by Law 154
4.2 What-If Analysis 154
4.3 Agent-Based Simulation 154
5 Opportunities and Limitations 156
References 157
Studying Policy Diffusion with Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models 160
1 Introduction 160
2 What Is Policy Diffusion? 162
3 Studying Diffusion by Applying a Network Approach 164
3.1 Development of the Study of Diffusion from a Network Perspective 166
3.2 Network Autocorrelation as the Potential Result of Selection and Diffusion 169
3.3 Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models 172
3.4 Where Are We Now? 176
4 Diffusion of Countries´ Foreign Trade Policies via International Trade 177
5 Summary 181
References 182
Contributions of Experimental Research to Network Governance 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Network Formation 188
2.1 Basic Concepts 189
2.2 Laboratory Experiments 191
2.3 Limitations and Prospects 193
3 Experiments on Social Exchange in Networks 194
3.1 Basic Concepts 195
3.2 Laboratory Experiments 198
3.3 Limits and Prospects 201
4 Conclusion 201
References 203
Environmental Governance in Multi-stakeholder Contexts: An Integrated Methods Set for Examining Decision-Making 207
1 Introduction 207
2 Multidisciplinary Perspectives that Informed Our Semantic and Social Network Integrated Methods Set and Team Collaboration 210
3 Case Example: The Ordinance Commission 214
4 Methodological Integration of Multiple Network Analysis Tools 214
4.1 Method 1: Content-Proper Noun Index Method 216
4.2 Method 2: Content-Text Correlation Comparison Method 219
4.3 Method 3: Content-Text Word and Word Pair Comparison Method 221
4.4 Method 4: Sentiment-Positivity Index Method 225
4.5 Method 5: Structure-Conversation Networks Method 226
4.6 Method 6: Structure-Social Influence Network Theory Method 228
4.6.1 Structural Network Method 228
4.6.2 Qualitative Conversation Analysis 232
5 Conclusion 234
Appendix 236
Atlas.ti 7 http://www.atlasti.com 236
Condor 3 237
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) http://www.liwc.net 237
NetDraw http://www.analytictech.com 237
UCINET http://www.analytictech.com 238
WORDij http://wordij.net 238
References 239
Part IV: Conclusions 241
Networked Governance: A New Research Perspective 242
1 Two Notions of Governance 244
2 Networks as Institutions 247
3 Networks and Actors 250
4 Networked Governance as a Research Perspective 252
Literaturverzeichnis 259