Health and Health Care in the Third World

Part 1 Health, development and health care: definitions of health; health and development; trends in the philosophy and foci of health provision; integrated actions; the impact of selected development projects and strategies on the health of groups and areas; major characteristics of health care in the Third World; some specific features; significance of these features for health care in the Third World; intersectoral action for health - integrated components?; intersectoral action. Part 2 Epidemiological transition - the range of Third World experience: health indicators in the Third World; infectious and non-infectious ailments; epidemiological transition and demographic transition; two instances of epidemiological change; different epidemiological experiences within two different countries?; epidemiological change - international patterns; the significance of epidemiological and demographic transition for the Third World; how many worlds for health?. Part 3 What is health care in the Third World?: the nature of modern facilities; traditional medicine; social attitudes to traditional medicine; traditional and modern medicine - Malaysia; traditional medicine in China; urban and rural differences in traditional medicine. Part 4 Health care in Third World countries - aspects of distribution and accessibility: some issues related to health care; the health care hierarchy; geographical variations in the distribution of health facilities; some differences involved in extending access to health care; reasons for differential accessibility and urban bias in the distribution of health care; optimizing accessibility - a Third World dilemma?. Part 5 Primary health care: primary health care; community participation; doubts about PHC; selective PHC; vertical programmes in PHC?; community health workers and PHC; the use of CHWs - some examples and problems; hospitals and urban PHC. Part 6 Using health services; modelling the use of health services; inappropriate utilization; health beliefs - utilization for varying conditions; variables influencing utilization; utilization and distance; use of traditional medicine; retrospect. Part 7 Health care - special groups and programmes - maternal and child health and related programmes; family planning; services and provision for the elderly; pharmaceuticals - use, abuse and dumping. Part 8 Health care - the end of the century and beyond: some foci of "health for all" campaigns; health education - a way forward?; access to clean water; aid and international health agencies; the nature and role of aid in the health sector; other changing philosophies.