Philanthropic Foundations, Public Good and Public Policy (eBook)

Diana Leat is Visiting Professor at Cass Business School, London, UK, and at the Australian Centre for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies, QUT Brisbane, Australia.  She is author of over 120 articles and books on the non-profit sector and social policy, and has held research posts in universities and think tanks in the UK, the US and Australia. Diana spent a year with the Carnegie Trust developing the first research centre for philanthropy in the UK, and until its closure in 2013 was a trustee of the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund.

Contents

1.  Focus
on foundations

Introduction

  Philanthropy is good - more is better?

  Focus of the Book

  Why Focus on Foundations

    Global Growth

    Scale of Resources

    The Reach of Foundations

Philanthropic
Foundations in the Dock

  Charges and Responses

 

2.  Definitions
and distinctions

Varieties
of Giving

What
Is a Philanthropic Foundation?

  Initial Definitions

  Types of Foundation

    Distinguishing by Source/Type of Income

    Distinguishing by Style: Operating and
Grantmaking

  Rationales for Grant Making and Operating

    Table 1: Grant-making vs. Operating

 

3. How foundations work - an overview

Birth
to Work

  In the Beginning- Donors and Money

  A Mission/Deed

  Governance

  Staffing

  Grant Making Styles and Processes

 

4. From charity to change, Brussels to
Beijing

The
Variety of Foundations

  Introduction

  Approaches to
Foundation Formation Throughout the World

Sketches
of Foundations Across the Globe

  Introduction

  Africa

  China, Japan
and Singapore

  India

  Australia and
New Zealand

  North America

  South America

  Europe

  Russia

  Saudi Arabia

Concluding
Remarks

 

5. Public benefit or playthings of the
rich

Introduction

  Charges and
Responses

    The Charges

    The Responses

The
Charges

  Why Create a
Foundation?

     Motives for Giving

    What's Need Got to Do with It?

Where the Money Goes

The
Responses

  The Right to
Give as You Choose

  Legal
Restrictions

  Tax Matters

  The Duty of
Wealth

  We're All
Different

  Variations in
Giving  The Power of
Staff

  A Stop Gap
Against Government and Market Failure

  Sources of
Innovation and Change

  Discourtesy or
Necessity?

  Coordination -
Damned If You Do ...

  Unelected and
Undemocratic

  Funding Terms

  A Product of
Culture not Whims?

 

6. Sources of wealth and income

Introduction

  Charges and
Responses

The
Charges

How
The Money Was Made

  Eroding the
Tax Base

  'Doing good' -
the Cherry on the Cake or Horse Manure

  Sources of
Income - Taking with One Hand and Giving with the Other

The
Responses

  This is
Capitalism

  Investment
Income: A Force for Good?

 

7. Warehouses of wealth: payout and
perpetuity

Introduction

  The Charges
and Responses

The
Charges 1

  Warehouses of
Wealth

  In Favour of
Mandatory Payout Rates

The
Responses

  Against
Mandatory Pay Out Rates

    Robbing Peter to Pay Paul

    Market Volatility

    A Ceiling Not a Floor?

     Practical Problems

  Pay Out: The
wrong Issue ?

The
Charges 2

  Perpetuity -
the Issue

  Against
Perpetuity

The
Response 2

  Perpetuity Is
Not For All

  In Favour of
Perpetuity

 

8. Cash machines or more?

Foundations:
Money, Value Added and Overhead

  Introduction

  Charges and
Responses

Charge

  Expensive Cash
Machines?

Responses

  Introduction

  Accounting for
Higher Costs

    Practical Problems<

    Another Explanation for Differences

  The Costs of
Creating public Benefit

  Funder Plus

     Beyond Moving Money to Effectiveness
Multipliers

 

9. Missing measurement, misunderstanding
measurement?

Foundations
and Effectiveness

  The Growing
Pressure to Measure

  The Charges
and Responses

The
Charge

  No Change?

  Maintaining
the Status Quo?

  Ineffective
Practices?

The
Responses

  An
Inappropriate Demand

  No
Responsibility to Produce Maximum Benefit?

  Effectiveness
and Values

  The Effective
Ineffective Foundation

  Measuring
Impact - A Fools Errand?

  Measurement -
Too Little, Too Late?

 
Misunderstanding the Contributions of Foundations?

 

10. Foundations and democracy: threat or
promise?

Introduction

  The Charges
and Responses

The
Charges

  A Brief US
History

  Unpicking the
Charges

   
Sucking Wealth Out of the Tax Base

    Unregulated and Unaccountable
Concentrations of Wealth and Power

    Influencing Policy

    Narrowing Alternatives

    'Bribing' State Governments

    'Cooling Out'

    Creeping Privatisation

    A Substitute for Justice?

The
Responses

  Introduction

  Denying the
Charges

    Misplaced Fear

    It Depends

  Positive
Responses

    Protection Against Big Government

    Pluralism

    Maximum Public Benefit and Minimum Loss of
Economic and Political

     Freedom

    Cost Effectiveness

    Redistribution

    Creativity

    Promoting Democracy

Looking in the Wrong Place?

 

11. Dark corridors or glass pockets?

Introduction

  The Charges
and Responses

The
Charges

  Unaccountable
and Unregulated?

The
Responses

  Tax Subsidies
and Accountability

  Adequate
Regulation

     Table 2: Foundation Accountability in Four
European Countries

  Self
Regulation

  Confused
Demands: It All Depends

  The Downsides
of Glass Pockets

  Not More or
Less But the Right Sort

 

12. The future is monstrous?

Introduction

Issues
Ahead?

  Tax Advantages

  Greater
Regulation

  The Rise and
Rise of ‘Effective Altriusm’

  Relations with
Government and Business

  Power and
Decision-Making

  Talking about
Happiness

  Grant-Making
and Money

  Foundations
and Dinosaurs?

  Legitimacy
Matters

  Keepers of the
Public Faith