Case Studies of Building Pathology in Cultural Heritage (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
1 Evaluation of Constructive Pathological Manifestations in Public Buildings: The Olympic Stadium of Cascavel City, PR 9
Abstract 9
1 Introduction 9
2 Building Inspections: Initial Concepts 11
2.1 Inspection Levels 11
Degrees of Risk 12
2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Visual Inspection 12
3 Limits of Research—Object of Study 13
4 Materials and Methods 14
4.1 First Step: Bibliographical Research 14
4.2 Second Step: Data Collection 14
4.3 Photographic Record 15
5 Results 18
5.1 Level 01 18
5.2 Level 02 20
5.3 Level 03 22
5.4 Level 04 23
6 Final Considerations 27
References 28
2 Pathology Analysis and Intervention at the Pavilhão Mourisco Roof Terraces—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 29
Abstract 29
1 Public Health and Architectonic Preservation 29
2 The Moorish Pavilion at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz 31
3 Waterproofing the Pavilhão Mourisco—A Retrospective 35
4 Intervention at the Eaves and Parapets from the Terraces 42
References 52
3 Overview of Damage to Medieval Rural Churches in Estonia 54
Abstract 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Methods 55
3 Results and Discussion 56
3.1 General 56
3.2 Foundation and Foundation Wall 57
3.3 Walls 57
Facades 58
Interior Surfaces 62
3.4 Windows and Doors 65
3.5 Vaults and Ceilings 67
3.6 Roofs 68
Roofing 68
Load-Bearing Structures of the Roof 70
3.7 Eaves and Rainwater Disposal Systems 71
3.8 Floors 72
4 Conclusion 73
Acknowledgements 74
References 75
4 Finding Faults with Residential Buildings 76
Abstract 76
1 Introduction 77
2 Inspection Skills 78
3 Process of Inspection 79
4 Sample Database 79
5 Maintenance Management 81
6 Common Building Failures 82
6.1 Subfloor Moisture 82
6.2 Subfloor Structure 84
6.3 Wall Moisture 84
6.4 External Water Management 88
6.5 Concrete Spalling 90
6.6 Corrosion 91
6.7 Fungal, Plant, and Animal Impacts 92
6.8 Asbestos 94
6.9 Movement 95
6.10 Electrical 97
7 Conclusions 98
Acknowledgments 100
References 100
5 Experience from Using Prefabricated Elements for Adding Insulation and Upgrading of External Façades 101
Abstract 101
1 Introduction 102
2 Performance Requirements for Prefabricated Systems 104
2.1 General 104
2.2 Requirements for Functions and Durability 104
2.3 Requirements Concerning the Indoor Environment 105
2.4 Component Requirements 105
2.5 Requirements as to Energy Performance for Parts of Buildings 106
2.6 Requirements Concerning Care for Existing Buildings 106
2.7 Requirements as to Operating and Maintenance Instructions 106
2.8 Requirements Concerning Consideration for Residents 107
3 Examples of Two Types of Prefabricated Systems 107
3.1 System A 107
3.2 System B 108
4 Evaluation of Specified Requirements in Laboratory 109
4.1 Evaluation of Rain Tightness Through Testing 110
5 Experience from Using the Prefabricated Systems on Site 111
5.1 The Trondheim Block, Owned by Svenska Bostäder 111
5.2 Brogården, Owned by AB Alingsåshem 112
6 Evaluation of Specific Requirements on Site 116
7 Discussion of the Results 117
8 Conclusions 118
Acknowledgments 118
References 119
Information Accessible at Web Sites 119
6 Assessment of State-Supported Mould Renovations in Finland 120
Abstract 120
1 Introduction 120
2 Background, Reasons and Scope of the Research 122
2.1 State Grant Procedures for Mould Renovations in Finland 122
2.2 Research Need and Objectives 124
3 Research Implementation, Methods and Data 124
3.1 Part 2 of the Research 125
3.2 Part 3 of the Research 126
4 Findings 127
4.1 Factors of Success in Mould Renovation Projects 127
4.2 Application Documents and Assessment Procedure 129
4.3 Reasons for Application Rejecting 131
5 Discussion 132
5.1 Importance of State Grants and Factors of Success in Mould Renovations 133
5.2 Further Development 134
6 Conclusions 135
References 136
7 Recovery and Enhancement of Modern Architectures: The Case of Cinema Ariston in Potenza (Italy) 137
Abstract 137
1 Introduction 138
2 Urban Background and Historical Context 138
2.1 Urban Context 138
2.2 Historical Events 139
3 The Level of Preservation 141
3.1 Architectural and Structural Features 141
3.2 Decay and Decline 147
4 Diagnostic Survey 150
4.1 Non-destructive Diagnostic Tests 150
4.2 An Assessment of Vulnerability and Seismic Risk 153
4.3 Preliminary Assessment of the Repair Work 155
5 The Restoration and Improvement Project 157
5.1 Project Architecture and Functions 159
5.2 Preservation Work and Structural Renovation 162
5.3 The Extension 164
6 Conclusions 165
References 166
8 Plumbing System’s Pathologies Based on the Record of Technical Assistance and Design Procedures 167
Abstract 167
1 Introduction 168
2 Research Methods 168
2.1 Data Collection 169
2.2 Case Study 169
2.3 Data Rating 170
2.4 Design Analysis 170
2.5 Data Analysis 170
3 Results 170
3.1 Water Penetration at the Ceiling 173
3.2 Clogged Sinks and Drains 173
3.3 Odour 176
3.4 Leakage at the Taps, Problems at the Water Closet and Leakage at the Sink Drain Pipe 180
3.5 Issues in Accordance with the Brazilian Standards but not Indicated to Proceed 180
3.6 Analysis of the Results 182
4 Conclusions 185
References 186
9 Cracks of Masonry Partition Walls in Multifloor Building: Case Study 187
Abstract 187
1 Introduction 187
2 Objective 190
3 Methodology 190
4 Pathological Problems Resolution 191
4.1 Subsidy Inquiry 191
4.2 Diagnosis of the Situation 192
4.3 Solutions 198
5 Conclusions 201
References 202
10 Diagnosis and Seismic Analysis of the Our Lady of Conception Church, Portugal 203
Abstract 203
1 Introduction 204
2 ICOMOS Recommendations 205
2.1 Principles 205
2.2 Guidelines 206
3 Our Lady of Conception Church 207
3.1 Review of the History and Description 207
3.2 Conservation Works 210
4 Damage Survey 211
5 Dynamic Identification Tests 213
6 Preparation and Calibration of the Numerical Model 216
7 Seismic Analysis 218
8 Conclusions 222
References 223
11 Brutalist Architecture and Pathologies: How Design Mistakes Can Make a Building “Sick” from the Beginning 224
Abstract 224
1 Introduction 225
2 The Building Case Study 226
3 Analysis of the Decay and Pathologies 228
4 Solutions Proposed in the Retrofit Project 230
5 Conclusions 234
Contributions 234
References 235
12 Basis of Stone Panel Pathology and Application of Infrared Thermography in the Pathology Study of Back-Ventilated Façades with Stone Panels 236
Abstract 236
1 Stone Panels Without Air Chamber 237
1.1 Behavior Problems in Small-Thickness Panels 238
2 Panels with Air Chamber 238
3 Anchors 240
3.1 Anchors Requirements 240
3.2 Types of Anchors 241
4 Pathology 242
5 Preventive Measures 244
5.1 Discontinuities in Support of the Panels 244
5.2 To Introduce Expansion Joints of the Panels 244
5.3 Right Design of the Encounters 245
5.4 Adaptation of the Type of Stone Panels 246
5.5 Definition of the Most Suitable Type of Anchor 247
Hidden Anchors 247
Viewed Anchors 247
5.6 Adequate Strength of the Anchors 247
6 Repair Measures 248
7 Application of Infrared Thermography in the Pathology Study of Back-Ventilated Façades with Stone Panels 250
7.1 Theoretical Basis of Thermography 250
7.2 Introducing the Building Under Analysis 251
7.3 Methodology 253
7.4 Results of the Analysis 253
Acknowledgment 256
References 256