Counseling the Culturally Diverse (eBook)

DERALD WING SUE is Professor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University. He served as president of the Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues, the Society of Counseling Psychology, and the Asian American Psychological Association. DAVID SUE is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Western Washington University where he has served as the director of both the Psychology Counseling Clinic and the Mental Health Counseling Program. He is also an associate of the Center for Cross-Cultural Research at Western Washington University.

Preface

About the Authors

Section One the Multiple Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Part I: The Affective and Conceptual Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Chapter 1 Obstacles to Cultural Competence: Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training

Emotional Self-Revelations and Fears: Majority Group Members

Emotional Invalidation versus Affirmation: For Marginalized Group Members

A Word of Caution

Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training: For Trainees and Trainers

Cognitive Resistance--Denial

Emotional Resistance

Behavioral Resistance

Conclusions

Summary

References

Chapter 2 The Superordinate Nature of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Culture Universal (Etic) versus Culture Specific (Emic) Formulations

The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence

A Tripartite Framework for Understanding the Multiple Dimensions of Identity

Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health

The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy

What Is Multicultural Counseling/Therapy?

What Is Cultural Competence?

Cultural Humility and Cultural Competence

Social Justice and Cultural Competence

Summary

References

Chapter 3 Multicultural Counseling Competence for Counselors and Therapists of Marginalized Groups

Counselors from Marginalized Groups Working with Majority and Other Marginalized Group Clients

The Politics of Interethnic and Interracial Bias and Discrimination

The Historical and Political Relationships between Groups of Color

Differences between Racial/Ethnic Groups

Counselors of Color and Dyadic Combinations

Summary

References

Part II The Political Dimensions of Mental Health Practice

Chapter 4 The Political and Social Justice Implications of Counseling and Psychotherapy

The Education and Training of Mental Health Professionals

Definitions of Mental Health

Counseling and Mental Health Literature

Need to Treat Social Problems--Social Justice Counseling

The Foci of Therapeutic Interventions: Individual, Professional, Organizational and Societal

Social Justice Counseling

Summary

References

Chapter 5 Impact of Systemic Oppression

Therapist Credibility and Client Worldviews

The Rest of the Story

Therapist Credibility and Attractiveness

Formation of Individual and Systemic Worldviews

Formation of Worldviews

Summary

References

Chapter 6 Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Contemporary Forms of Oppression

Evolution of the "Isms": Microaggressions

The Dynamics and Dilemmas of Microaggressions

Therapeutic Implications

Summary

Part III The Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling/Therapy

Chapter 7 Barriers to Multicultural Counseling and Therapy: Individual and Family Perspectives

Identifying Multicultural Therapeutic Issues

Generic Characteristics of Counseling/Therapy

Culture-Bound Values

Class-Bound Values

Language Barriers

Patterns of "American" Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy

Conclusions

Summary

References

Chapter 8 Culturally Appropriate Intervention Skills and Strategies

Cultural Expression of Mental Disorders

Communication Styles

Sociopolitical Facets of Nonverbal Communication

Counseling and Therapy as Communication Style

Summary

References

Chapter 9 Multicultural Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-Based Practice and Multiculturalism

Evidence-Based Practice and Diversity Issues in Therapy

Summary

References

Chapter 10 Non-Western Indigenous Methods of Healing: Implications for Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Legitimacy of Culture-Bound Syndromes: Nightmare Deaths and the Hmong Sudden Death Phenomenon

The Principles of Indigenous Healing

Conclusion

Summary

References

Part IV Racial/Cultural Identity Development in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Chapter 11 Racial/Cultural Identity Development in People of Color: Therapeutic Implications

Racial Awakening

Racial/Cultural Identity Development Models

A Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

Therapeutic Implications of the R/ CID Model

Conclusions

Summary

References

Chapter 12 White Racial Identity Development: Therapeutic Implications

What Does It Mean to Be White?

The Invisible Whiteness of Being

Understanding the Dynamics of Whiteness

Models of White Racial Identity Development

The Process of White Racial Identity Development: A Descriptive Model

Developing a Nonracist and Antiracist White Identity

Summary

Section Two Multicultural Counseling and Specific Populations

Part V Understanding Specific Populations

Chapter 13 Culturally Competent Assessment

Therapist Variables Affecting Diagnosis

Cultural Competence and Preventing Diagnostic Errors

Contextual and Collaborative Assessment

Infusing Cultural Competence into Standard Clinical Assessments

References

Part VI Counseling and Therapy with Racial/Ethnic Minority Group Populations

Chapter 14 Counseling African Americans

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 15 Counseling American Indians and Alaska Natives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Alcohol and Substance Abuse

References

Chapter 16 Counseling Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 17 Counseling Latinos

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 18 Counseling Individuals of Multiracial Descent

Multiracialism in the United States

Specific Challenges

A Multiracial Bill of Rights

Multiracial Strengths

References

Part VII Counseling and Special Circumstances Involving Racial/Ethnic Populations

Chapter 19 Counseling Arab and Muslim Americans

Arab Americans

Muslim Americans

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 20 Counseling Jewish Americans

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 21 Counseling Immigrants and Refugees

Challenges and Strengths

Counseling Refugees

References

Part VIII Counseling and Therapy with Other Multicultural Populations

Chapter 22 Counseling LGBT Individuals

Understanding Sexual Minorities

Specific Challenges

References

Chapter 23 Counseling Older Adult Clients

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges of Older Adults

References

Chapter 24 Counseling Women

Specific Challenges

Embracing Gender Strengths

References

Chapter 25 Counseling and Poverty

Demographics: Who Are the Poor?

Strengths of People Living in Poverty

Suggested Guidelines for Counselors

References

Chapter 26 Counseling Persons with Disabilities

Understanding Disabilities

The Americans with Disabilities Act

Specific Challenges

Supports for Individuals with Disabilities

Counseling Issues with Individuals with Disabilities

References

Author Index

Subject Index