Collaborative Information Seeking (eBook)

Acknowledgment 6
Contents 8
About the Authors 10
Editorial 16
In This Book 18
References 19
Part I Best Practices 20
1 Collaborative Information Seeking: From `What?' and `Why?' to `How?' and `So What?' 21
1.1 Introduction 21
1.2 Explicating `What?', `Why?', and `How?' 22
1.2.1 Instances of Collaboration (What) 23
1.2.2 Motivations for Collaboration (Why) 24
1.2.3 Methods for Collaboration (How) 26
1.2.4 Summary 26
1.3 Explaining CIS Using the C5 Model 27
1.4 Summary and `So What?' 31
References 33
2 Studying Collaborative Information Seeking: Experiences with Three Methods 35
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 Three CIS Methods 37
2.2.1 Multidimensional Exploration 38
2.2.1.1 Introduction 38
2.2.1.2 Motivation 38
2.2.1.3 Procedure 39
2.2.1.4 Experiences 40
2.2.1.5 Similar Methods 40
2.2.2 Task-Structured Observation 41
2.2.2.1 Introduction 41
2.2.2.2 Motivation 41
2.2.2.3 Procedure 42
2.2.2.4 Experiences 44
2.2.2.5 Similar Methods 44
2.2.3 Condensed Observation 45
2.2.3.1 Introduction 45
2.2.3.2 Motivation 45
2.2.3.3 Procedure 46
2.2.3.4 Experiences 47
2.2.3.5 Similar Methods 48
2.3 Discussion 48
2.3.1 Common Characteristics of the Three Methods 48
2.3.2 Differences Among the Three Methods 50
2.3.3 Devising Methods for CIS Studies 50
2.4 Conclusion 51
References 52
3 Situating CIS: The Importance of Context in Collaborative Information Seeking 54
3.1 Introduction to CIS 55
3.2 Communication 57
3.3 Context: Through the Disciplinary Lens 58
3.3.1 CIS in Healthcare 58
3.3.1.1 The Medium of Collaboration 58
3.3.1.2 The Context of Collaboration 58
3.3.2 Scientific Teams and CIS 59
3.3.2.1 The Context of Collaboration 59
3.3.2.2 The Medium of Collaboration 60
3.3.3 CIS in Education 61
3.3.3.1 The Context of Collaboration 61
3.3.3.2 The Medium of Collaboration 61
3.3.4 CIS in Patent 62
3.3.4.1 The Context of Collaboration 62
3.3.4.2 The Medium of Collaboration 63
3.4 Understanding the Context of Collaborative Information Seeking 64
3.5 Disciplinary Contrasts and Commonalities in CIS 65
3.5.1 Commonalities Across Disciplines 65
3.5.2 Contrasts Across Disciplines 67
3.5.2.1 Contrasts in Outcome 67
3.5.2.2 Contrasts in Motivation 68
3.5.3 Contrasts and Commonalities: Summary 69
3.6 Conclusions 69
References 70
4 Procedures and Collaborative Information Seeking: A Study of Emergency Departments 72
4.1 Introduction 72
4.2 Related Work 73
4.2.1 Collaborative Information Seeking 74
4.2.2 CIS in Healthcare 74
4.3 Method 75
4.3.1 Research Sites and Participants 76
4.3.2 Data Collection and Analysis 76
4.4 Results 77
4.4.1 The Role of the Coordinating Nurse During CIS 77
4.4.2 The Impact of the Triage Procedure on CIS 78
4.4.3 Timeouts 80
4.4.4 Recurrent Opportunities for Information Seeking at the Whiteboard 81
4.5 Discussion 82
4.5.1 Challenges to Collaborative Information Seeking in EDs 82
4.5.2 Collaborative Information Seeking Shaped by Procedures 84
4.5.3 Limitations 85
4.6 Conclusion 85
References 86
5 Collaborative Information Seeking in the Context of Leisure and Work Task Situations: A Comparison of Three Empirical Studies 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Leisure-Based Mobile CIS: The `Malaysian-Study' 91
5.2.1 Leisure-Based Mobile CIS: Method 93
5.2.2 Leisure-Based Mobile CIS: Results 96
5.2.3 Leisure-Based Mobile CIS: Conclusion 98
5.3 CIS in the Context of Work Task Situations 99
5.3.1 Ad hoc Work-Based CIS: Method 101
5.3.2 Ad hoc Work-Based CIS: Results 102
5.3.3 Long-Term Work-Based CIS: Method 103
5.3.4 Long-Term Work-Based CIS: Results 105
5.3.5 Conclusion of the Studies on Work-Based CIS 108
5.4 Comparisons Between CIS in the Context of Leisure Time and Work Task Situations 109
5.5 Conclusion 111
References 112
Part II New Domains 115
6 Learning Through Collaborative Information Seeking 116
6.1 Introduction 116
6.2 Educational Context 117
6.3 Collaborative Information Seeking 119
6.4 Productive Educational Dialogue 121
6.5 Relating CIS and the Educational Context 123
6.5.1 CIS Tasks and Success 123
6.6 The Role of Dialogue in CIS Research 124
6.7 Conclusions 127
References 128
7 A Proposed CIS Interface Based on the Analysis of Problem-Solving in Online Technical Support 132
7.1 Introduction 133
7.2 The Evolution of the Gatekeeping Concept 134
7.3 Gatekeeping in Technical Support Settings 136
7.4 Analysis of Current Live Support Platforms 138
7.5 Toward High Quality Support, Hand-Out Practice, and Customer Satisfaction 139
7.6 The Proposed Live Technical Support Interface 141
7.7 The Boundary of Collaboration 142
7.8 When Should Technical CIS Take Place? 144
7.9 Available Platforms and Applications 145
7.9.1 Modern CIS Systems 145
7.9.2 Existing Computer-Based Technical Support Applications 148
7.10 Conclusion 150
References 151
8 Collaboration, Information Seeking, and Technology Use: A Critical Examination of Humanities Scholars' Research Practices 153
8.1 Introduction 154
8.2 Literature Review 155
8.2.1 Gaps in Current Research on Collaboration 156
8.2.2 Principles of Collaboration and Information Seeking 157
8.2.3 Collaborative Information Behaviour: Needs, Seeking, Sharing and Use 158
8.2.4 The (Digital) Humanities 159
8.3 Theoretical Framework 160
8.4 Research Design 161
8.5 Findings and Discussion 162
8.5.1 Independent Information Seeking: A Central Role in Collaborative Research Practice 162
8.5.2 Technology Tools: Enabling and Constraining Collaborative Information Use 163
8.5.3 Parallel Work: Individualised Framing of Collaborative Information Behaviours 168
8.5.4 Deconstructing Collaborative Workflows: Training Versus Teamwork 170
8.5.5 Parallel Research Practice: A Model for Humanities Scholars' Collaborative Information Engagement 172
8.6 Conclusions 174
References 175
Part III New Thoughts 179
9 A Probability Ranking Principle for Collaborative Search 180
9.1 Introduction 180
9.2 Background 181
9.2.1 On the Importance of Knowledge Sharing 182
9.2.1.1 Discussion 185
9.2.2 CIS Support Systems 186
9.2.3 Studies of Equipment Usage 187
9.3 Conceptualizing Team Support in Heterogeneous Environments 188
9.4 A Ranking Principle for Collaborative Search 191
9.4.1 Objective 191
9.4.2 Model Foundations 192
9.4.3 Assumptions 193
9.4.4 Collaborative Information Activities 193
9.4.5 Problem Statement 194
9.4.6 A Cost Model for Collaborative Search 195
9.4.7 The cPRP 196
9.4.8 Justification for Other Research Approaches 197
9.5 Worked Example 198
9.6 Discussion 199
9.7 Summary and Conclusions 200
References 201
10 Affective Dimension in Collaborative Information Seeking 205
10.1 Introduction 205
10.2 On the Relevance of the Affective Dimension 206
10.3 Affective Dimension in CIS 209
10.4 Research Approaches, Challenges, and Ethics 215
10.5 Final Remarks 217
References 218
11 Collaborative Information Seeking Around Big Data 221
11.1 Collaborative Information Seeking Around Big Data 221
11.1.1 Defining Big Data Analytics 222
11.1.2 Visualizing Big Data 223
11.2 Conceptual Underpinnings of Collaborating Around Big Data 224
11.2.1 Common Ground 225
11.2.2 Sensemaking 225
11.2.3 Transactive Memory Systems 226
11.3 Designing for the Next Generation of Big Data Analytics 227
11.3.1 Knowing What the Team Is Doing 227
11.3.2 Collaborator Interaction 228
11.3.3 Spreading Out the Work 230
11.3.4 Increasing the Pace 231
11.3.5 Summary of Prior Research 232
11.4 Measurement and Evaluation 233
11.5 Conclusion 235
References 236