Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery

About the Editors
Contributors
Foreword (Frederic M. Ettner)
Introduction (Randi Ettner)
Chapter 1. The Etiology of Transsexualism (Randi Ettner)
Introduction
Early Theories of the Etiology of Transsexualism
Recent Theories of the Etiology of Transsexualism
The Current Status of the Attempt to Identify the Etiology of Gender Variation
Chapter 2. Primary Medical Care of the Gender-Variant Patient (A. Evan Eyler)
Introduction
The Spectrum of Gender Identity and Expression
Transgender Health Care
Ten Principles of Transgender Medical Care
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Preventive Care of the Transgendered Patient: An Evidence-Based Approach (Jamie Feldman)
Introduction
Challenges in Providing Preventive Care to the Transgendered Population
Evidence-Based Transgender Health Care
Preventive Care Recommendations
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Hormone Treatment of the Adult and Juvenile Transsexual Patient (Louis J. Gooren and Helene A. Delemarre-van de Waal)
Introduction
General Principles of Treatment
Hormonal Sex Reassignment
Side Effects of Hormonal Sex Reassignment
Sexual Function After Sex Reassignment
Regrets After Sex Reassignment
Juvenile Gender Dysphoria
Chapter 5. Surgery: General Principles (Stan Monstrey, Griet De Cuypere, and Randi Ettner)
Introduction
Controversies Surrounding Surgery
Ethical and Legal Challenges
Financial Aspects
Surgeries for Gender Reassignment
Conditions for Surgical Interventions
Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
Chapter 6. Surgery: Male-to-Female Patient (Stan Monstrey, Gennaro Selvaggi, and Peter Ceulemans)
History of Male-to-Female Surgery
Male-to-Female Gender Reassignment Surgery: An Overview
Chapter 7. Surgery: Female-to-Male Patient (Stan Monstrey, Peter Ceulemans, and Peter Hoebeke)
History of Male-to-Female Surgery
Subcutaneous Mastectomy
Phalloplasty
The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach
Chapter 8. Mental Health Issues (Friedemann Pfäfflin)
Mental Health Issues in the History of Sex Reassignment
Practical Aspects of Clinical Care
Writing Recommendations and Reports
Chapter 9. Developmental Stages of the Transgender Coming-Out Process: Toward an Integrated Identity (Walter Bockting and Eli Coleman)
Introduction
Coming Out As a Developmental Process
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Reproductive and Fertility Issues for Transpeople (Petra De Sutter)
Introduction
Transpeople and Their Children
Ethical Arguments in Favor of Fertility Preservation
Cryopreservation of Sperm in Transwomen
Donor Inseminations in Partners of Transmen
Cryopreservation of Oocytes, Embryos, or Ovarian Tissue in Transmen
Future Possibilities
Chapter 11. Karyotyping and Genetics in the Transgender Population (Gale Bearman)
Introduction
What Is a Karyotype?
What Is a Variant Karyotype?
Chromosomal Variance, Phenotypic Variance, and Gender Identity
Variant Karyotypes or Forms of Intersex in the Transgender Population
Is Gender Identity Genetic?
Intersexed or Transgendered?
Recommendations
Conclusion
Chapter 12. Intersex: Definition, Examples, Gender Stability, and the Case Against Merging with Transsexualism (Tom Mazur, Melissa Colsman, and David E. Sandberg)
Introduction
Intersexuality Defined
Typical Sexual Differentiation Process
Intersex Syndromes and Related Conditions
Appendix A
Chapter 13. Gender Identity Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis)
Introduction
Classification
Epidemiology
Clinical Picture
Appendix A: DSM-IV Criteria for Gender Identity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Chapter 14. Transgender Aging and the C