Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Introduction 10
SECTION I: Sexual Behaviour 12
Chapter 1. Mating activity and its relationship to reproductive performance in Merino sheep 12
ABSTRACT 12
INTRODUCTION 12
SERIES 1 13
DISCUSSION 16
SERIES 2 17
DISCUSSION 21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 22
REFERENCES 22
Chapter 2. The prediction of fertility and fecundity from the mating activity of ewes 24
ABSTRACT 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 28
REFERENCES 28
Chapter 3. The effects of dominance and infertility of rams on reproductive performance 30
ABSTRACT 30
INTRODUCTION 30
METHODS 31
RESULTS 33
DISCUSSION 37
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 39
REFERENCES 39
Chapter 4. Effect of changing the teaser ewe on the sexual activity of the ram 42
ABSTRACT 42
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 44
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 5. Mating competency of rams and flock fertility 46
ABSTRACT 46
INTRODUCTION 46
OBSERVATIONS 46
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 47
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48
REFERENCES 48
Chapter 6. Sexual partner preference of adult rams (Ovis aries) as affected by social experiences during rearing 50
ABSTRACT 50
INTRODUCTION 50
PART A - OBJECT OF SEXUAL PREFERENCE 51
PART B - COMPETITION BETWEEN TWO RAMS OVER AN ESTROUS EWE 55
PART C - COMPETITION AMONG RAMS OVER AN ESTROUS EWE 56
DISCUSSION 57
CONCLUSIONS 60
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 60
REFERENCES 60
Chapter 7. Ability of castrate male sheep treated with oestrogen or testosterone toinduce and detect oestrus in ewes 62
ABSTRACT 62
INTRODUCTION 62
MATERIALS AND METHODS 63
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 64
DISCUSSION 69
CONCLUSION 70
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 70
REFERENCES 70
Chapter 8. Effectiveness of testosterone-treated wethers and ewes as teasers 72
ABSTRACT 72
INTRODUCTION 72
MATERIALS AND METHODS 73
EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS 74
DISCUSSION 78
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 79
REFERENCES 79
SECTION II: Fetal and Perinatal Behaviour 82
Chapter 9. Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus:I. Simple fetal movements 82
ABSTRACT 82
INTRODUCTION 83
MATERIALS AND METHODS 83
OBSERVATIONS 85
RESULTS 89
DISCUSSION 93
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 95
REFERENCES 95
Chapter 10. Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus:II. Complex fetal movements 96
ABSTRACT 96
INTRODUCTION 96
MATERIALS AND METHODS 97
OBSERVATIONS 98
DISCUSSIONS 102
CONCLUSIONS 105
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 106
REFERENCES 106
Chapter 11. Behaviour of the ewe and lamb at lambing and its relationship to lambmortality 108
ABSTRACT 108
INTRODUCTION 109
MATERIALS AND METHODS 109
RESULTS 112
DISCUSSION 123
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 128
REFERENCES 128
Chapter 12. Some observations on activities of a small group of confined ewes withsingle, twin, or triplet lambs 130
ABSTRACT 130
INTRODUCTION 130
METHOD 131
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 131
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 134
REFERENCES 134
Chapter 13. Separation of ewes from twin lambs: incidence in several sheep breeds 136
ABSTRACT 136
INTRODUCTION 136
METHODS 137
DISCUSSION 149
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 151
REFERENCES 152
Chapter 14. Lamb mortality due to inadequate care of twins by Merino ewes 154
ABSTRACT 154
INTRODUCTION 154
METHODS 155
RESULTS 156
DISCUSSION 160
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 162
REFERENCES 163
Chapter 15. Variations in the strength of maternal behaviour and its conflict with flock behaviour in Dalesbred, Jacob and Soay ewes 164
ABSTRACT 164
INTRODUCTION 164
METHOD 165
RESULTS 166
DISCUSSION 168
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 169
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 16. Washing lambs and confinement as aids to fostering 170
ABSTRACT 170
INTRODUCTION 170
METHODS 171
RESULTS 173
DISCUSSION 178
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 180
REFERENCES 180
Chapter 17. Responses of tranquilized post-partum ewes to alien lambs 182
ABSTRACT 182
INTRODUCTION 182
METHODS 183
RESULTS 185
DISCUSSION 188
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 189
REFERENCES 189
SECTION III: Ewe—Lamb Recognition Factors 192
Chapter 18. The roles played by the senses of the ewe in the location and recognition of lambs 192
ABSTRACT 192
INTRODUCTION 192
MATERIALS AND METHODS 193
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 196
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 202
REFERENCES 202
Chapter 19. Mutual recognition amongst ewes and lambs of four breeds of sheep (Ovis aries) 204
ABSTRACT 204
INTRODUCTION 204
METHODS 205
RESULTS 207
DISCUSSION 214
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 218
REFERENCES 218
Chapter 20. The roles of sight and hearing in the lamb in the location and discrimination between ewes 220
ABSTRACT 220
INTRODUCTION 220
MATERIALS AND METHODS 221
RESULTS 224
DISCUSSION 228
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 229
REFERENCES 229
Chapter 21. A comparison of the role of vision and hearing in lambs finding theirown dams 230
ABSTRACT 230
INTRODUCTION 230
METHODS 231
RESULTS 233
DISCUSSION 237
SUMMARY 238
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 238
REFERENCES 238
Chapter 22. Importance of visual clues from various body regions in maternal recognition of the young in Merino sheep (Ovis aries) 240
ABSTRACT 240
INTRODUCTION 240
METHODS 241
RESULTS 242
DISCUSSION 244
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 246
REFERENCES 246
Chapter 23. A comparison of the role of vision and hearing in ewes finding their own lambs 248
ABSTRACT 248
INTRODUCTION 248
METHODS 249
NUMERICAL RESULTS 250
BEHAVIOUR 252
DISCUSSION 254
SUMMARY 256
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 256
REFERENCES 256
Chapter 24. Visual discrimination between ewes by lambs 258
ABSTRACT 258
INTRODUCTION 258
MATERIALS AND METHODS 258
RESULTS 259
DISCUSSION 261
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 262
REFERENCES 262
Chapter 25. Maternal responses in Merino ewes to artificially coloured lambs 264
ABSTRACT 264
INTRODUCTION 264
METHODS 264
RESULTS 267
DISCUSSION 270
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 274
REFERENCES 274
Chapter 26. Discrimination of colours and grey shades by Merino ewes: tests using coloured lambs 276
ABSTRACT 276
INTRODUCTION 276
METHODS 277
TESTS 281
RESULTS 282
DISCUSSION 288
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 291
REFERENCES 291
Chapter 27. Recognition of washed lambs by Merino ewes 294
ABSTRACT 294
INTRODUCTION 294
METHODS 295
RESULTS 298
DISCUSSION 300
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 302
REFERENCES 302
Chapter 28. The importance of odour, appearance and voice in maternal recognition of the young in Merino sheep (Ovis aries) 304
ABSTRACT 304
INTRODUCTION 305
METHODS 305
RESULTS 307
DISCUSSION 310
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 312
REFERENCES 312
Chapter 29. Odour, and the recognition of lambs by Merino ewes 314
ABSTRACT 314
INTRODUCTION 314
METHODS 315
RESULTS 316
DISCUSSION 317
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 318
REFERENCES 318
Chapter 30. Odour cues to maternal recognition of lambs: an investigation of some possible sources 320
ABSTRACT 320
INTRODUCTION 320
METHODS 321
RESULTS 324
DISCUSSION 328
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 330
REFERENCES 330
Chapter 31. Role of auditory and visual cues in mutual recognition between ewesand lambs in Merino sheep 332
ABSTRACT 332
INTRODUCTION 333
METHODS 333
RESULTS 336
DISCUSSION 345
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 347
REFERENCES 347
Chapter 32. Maternal vocal recognition in lambs born to Jacob and Dalesbred ewes after embryo transplantation between breeds 350
ABSTRACT 350
INTRODUCTION 350
METHOD 351
RESULTS 352
DISCUSSION 356
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 357
REFERENCES 357
SECTION IV: Developmental Behaviour 358
Chapter 33. A study of following behaviour in young lambs 358
ABSTRACT 358
INTRODUCTION 358
MATERIALS AND METHODS 359
RESULTS 360
DISCUSSION 362
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 365
REFERENCES 366
Chapter 34. Some effects of social deprivation on behavioral development of lambs 368
ABSTRACT 368
INTRODUCTION 368
METHODS 368
RESULTS 372
DISCUSSION 376
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 378
REFERENCES 378
Chapter 35. Effects of lamb rearing conditions on aggression and dominance relationships 380
ABSTRACT 380
INTRODUCTION 380
METHODS 381
RESULTS 384
DISCUSSION 389
REFERENCES 393
Chapter 36. Some factors involved in natural weaning processes in sheep 396
ABSTRACT 396
INTRODUCTION 396
MATERIALS AND METHODS 397
RESULTS 399
DISCUSSION 401
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 402
REFERENCES 402
Chapter 37. Preferences for sibling or mother in Dalesbred and Jacob twin lambs 404
ABSTRACT 404
INTRODUCTION 404
METHOD AND ANIMALS 405
RESULTS 406
DISCUSSION 411
REFERENCES 412
Chapter 38. Effect of differential rearing on the behavioral and adrenocortical response of lambs to a novel environment 414
ABSTRACT 414
INTRODUCTION 414
METHODS 415
DISCUSSION 421
REFERENCES 424
Chapter 39. The effects of maternal influences on sheep:breed differences in grazing, resting and courtship behaviour 426
ABSTRACT 426
INTRODUCTION 426
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 428
ANALYTICAL METHOD 431
RESULTS 432
DISCUSSION 437
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 440
REFERENCES 440