The Handbook of Media Audiences

Virginia Nightingale held the position of Associate Professor with the School of Communication Arts at the University of Western Sydney until her retirement in 2010. Her publications include Media and Audiences: New Perspectives (with Karen Ross, 2003) and Critical Readings: Media and Audiences (with Karen Ross, 2003), and New Media Worlds: Challenges for Convergence (ed. with Tim Dwyer, 2007).

Notes on Contributors viii

Series Editor's Preface xiv

Acknowledgments xv

Introduction 1
Virginia Nightingale

Part I Being Audiences 17

1 Readers as Audiences 19
Wendy Griswold, Elizabeth Lenaghan, and Michelle Naffziger

2 Listening for Listeners: The Work of Arranging How Listening Will Occur in Cultures of Recorded Sound 41
Jackie Cook

3 Viewing 62
Shawn Shimpach

4 Search and Social Media 86
Virginia Nightingale

5 Spreadable Media: How Audiences Create Value and Meaning in a Networked Economy 109
Joshua Green and Henry Jenkins

6 Going Mobile 128
Gerard Goggin

Part II Theorizing Audiences 147

7 Audiences and Publics, Media and Public Spheres 149
Richard Butsch

8 The Implied Audience of Communications Policy Making: Regulating Media in the Interests of Citizens and Consumers 169
Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt

9 New Configurations of the Audience? The Challenges of User-Generated Content for Audience Theory and Media Participation 190
Nico Carpentier

10 The Necessary Future of the Audience … and How to Research It 213
Nick Couldry

11 Reception 230
Cornel Sandvoss

12 Affect Theory and Audience 251
Anna Gibbs

Part III Researching Audiences 267

13 Toward a Branded Audience: On the Dialectic between Marketing and Consumer Agency 269
Adam Arvidsson

14 Ratings and Audience Measurement 286
Philip M. Napoli

15 Quantitative Audience Research: Embracing the Poor Relation 302
David Deacon and Emily Keightley

16 Media Effects in Context 320
Brian O’Neill

17 Cultivation Analysis and Media Violence 340
Andy Ruddock

18 Creative and Visual Methods in Audience Research 360
Fatimah Awan and David Gauntlett

19 Locating Media Ethnography 380
Patrick D. Murphy

Part IV Doing Audience Research 403

20 Children’s Media Cultures in Comparative Perspective 405
Sonia Livingstone and Kirsten Drotner

21 Fan Cultures and Fan Communities 425
Kristina Busse and Jonathan Gray

22 Beyond the Presumption of Identity? Ethnicities, Cultures, and Transnational Audiences 444
Mirca Madianou

23 Participatory Vision: Watching Movies with Yolngu 459
Jennifer Deger

24 The Audience Is the Show 472
Annette Hill

25 Seeking the Audience for News: Response, News Talk, and Everyday Practices 489
S. Elizabeth Bird

26 Sport and Its Audiences 509
David Rowe

Index 527