Water Supply Management

1 - Water Sources.- Availability of fresh water.- Surface water.- Groundwater.- Rainwater.- Wastewater and recycling.- Seawater or saline water.- Icebergs.- References.- 2 - Water Requirements.- Volumes required.- Planning basis.- Peak factors.- Pressure requirements.- Reservoir storage requirements.- Provision of water for fire fighting.- Water consumption patterns.- Conclusions.- References.- 3 - System Design.- Pipeline design.- Planning and optimization.- Friction in pipes.- Water hammer.- Load on buried pipes.- Soil-pipe interaction.- System requirements.- Pipe materials.- Distribution system.- Terminal consumer installations.- Valves and other fittings.- Reservoirs.- Pumping.- References.- 4 - Supply Management and Water Cost.- The supply cost of water.- Economic analysis.- Pumping system optimization.- Effect of scale.- The effect of obtaining water from further afield.- The economics of alternative water supplies — a South African case study.- Optimum pumping system pipe and reservoir sizes.- References.- 5 - Demand Management, Price and Reliability.- The ownership issue.- Water charges for redistribution of wealth.- Benefits and costs of water supply.- Water consumption management.- The use and basis of water tariffs.- Theory of supply and demand.- Management by use of water tariffs.- Other types of water tariffs.- Reliability of supply.- Causes of failures.- System evaluation.- Water pollution risk.- References.- 6 - Drought Management of Reservoirs.- Basis of rationing.- Reservoir yield analysis.- Operating rules.- Case study.- References.- 7 - Conjunctive Use of Alternative Sources.- Ways of utilizing groundwater.- Conjunctive operation.- Optimization of conjunctive source use.- Artificial recharge.- Simulation model for simultaneous operation of Vaal Damand groundwater.- References.- 8 - Loss Control and Rehabilitation.- Unaccounted for water.- Monitoring programme.- Economic assessment.- Recommendations regarding standards.- Factors influencing total water losses.- Water audits.- Water loss control.- Rehabilitation of pipelines.- References.- 9 - Asset Management and Computer Technology.- Management principles.- Information systems.- Financial management.- Benefits of asset management.- Information technology.- Continuous simulation of flow in pipe networks.- References.- 10 - Water Quality and Treatment.- Effects of polluted water.- Water quality standards.- Water treatment.- Water treatment processes for surface waters.- Sedimentation.- Filtration.- Removal of dissolved solids.- Dissolved organic substances.- Stabilisation.- Disinfection.- References.- 11 - Water Supply to Developing Communities.- The world population.- Financial priorities.- Water supply needs in developing communities.- Community participation.- Technical aspects.- Developments in supply.- Source of water.- Value of water.- Public involvement in identifying objectives.- Problems relevant to developing areas.- Affordability.- References.- 12 - Institutional and Legal.- Privatization.- Regulation.- Water law.- References.