The Management of CAD for Construction

I.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Designing for Building Construction.- 2.1 The Meaning of Design.- 2.2 Review of the Design Process.- 2.3 Design Ideas.- 2.4 Storage of Design Ideas.- 2.5 Retrieval of Design Ideas.- 2.6 Communication of Design Ideas.- 2.7 Paper Models.- 2.8 Scaled Physical Models.- 2.9 The Need for Better Design Models.- 3 Computer Models.- 3.1 Computer Model: a Representation of a Design Solution.- 3.2 The Potential of the Computer.- 3.3 Interactive Computing.- 3.4 Drawing by Machine.- 3.5 Modelling of Project Designs in Two-dimensions.- 3.6 A 3-D Locational Model which Contains 2-D Component Images.- 3.7 Three-Dimensional Wireframe Models.- 3.8 Surface Modelling.- 3.9 Solid Modelling.- 3.10 Locational Model with 3-D Component Representations.- 3.11 Locational Model with 2-D and 3-D Component Representations.- 3.12 A Modelling Approach to Suit the Application.- II.- 4 Planning a CAD System.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Aims of Feasibility Study and Need for a Procedure.- 4.3 The Study Team and its Composition.- 4.4 Outline of Procedure for Feasibility Study.- 4.5 Preliminary Study.- 4.6 Preliminary Decision Point.- 4.7 Detailed Study.- 4.8 Costs and Benefits.- 4.9 Main Decision Point.- 4.10 Order the System.- 4.11 Fears of New Technology and Job Security.- System Planning Checklist.- 5 Implementing a System - Management Issues.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Need for Management in Design Organisations.- 5.3 CAD Management Structures.- 5.4 Hierarchy of Roles.- 5.5 CAD Director.- 5.6 CAD Co-ordinator.- 5.7 Computer Manager.- 5.8 Selection of Operators.- 5.9 Training of CAD Co-ordinator and Operators.- 5.10 Training the Organisation Generally.- 5.11 Workstation Sessions.- 5.12 CAD Objectives and Monitoring.- Checklist for Implementation - Management Issues.- 6 Implementing a System - Hardware and Software.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 CAD Equipment.- 6.3 Hardware Configurations.- 6.4 Accommodating the Computer and Plotter.- 6.5 Siting of Workstations.- 6.6 Planning the Operating Environment.- 6.7 Starting, Stopping and Operating the Hardware.- 6.8 Data Security, Disc Backups and Archiving Project Data.- 6.9 Plotter Management.- 6.10 Data Exchange with Other Organisations.- 6.11 System Maintenance.- 6.12 Logging of Computer Resources Used.- 6.13 System Upgrades.- Checklist for Implementation - Hardware and Software.- III.- 7 Preliminary Project Design.- 7.1 Preliminary Design - Transforming Ideas into a Viable Scheme.- 7.2 A Storehouse for Ideas.- 7.3 Site Data and CAD.- 7.4 Visualisation and Assessment Tools for the Designer's Use.- 7.5 Communicating Preliminary Design Information.- 7.6 Decision-making and Control of Design Process.- 7.7 Presentation of Schemes.- 7.8 Progressing in Preliminary Design and Beyond.- 7.9 Senior Designers as Operators.- 8 Project Management.- 8.1 The Need for Project Management.- 8.2 Project Planning.- 8.3 Planning Charts and Resources Histograms.- 8.4 Network Planning.- 8.5 Multi-project Planning.- 8.6 Should CAD be Used for the Project?.- 8.7 Agreements among Design Team for a Project.- Checklist for Project Management.- 9 Components: Graphical Representation.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The Use of Graphical Components.- 9.3 Predefined Components.- 9.4 Component Hierarchies.- 9.5 Variable Components.- 9.6 Strategy for Creating and Saving Components.- 9.7 Component Libraries.- 9.8 The Company Master Library of CAD Components.- 10 Model Assembly and Drawings for Detailed Design of Projects.- 10.1 Review of CAD Techniques.- 10.2 Which CAD Technique is Suitable for Detail Design?.- 10.3 Model Assembly.- 10.4 Design by Replicating and Adapting Units of Design.- 10.5 Classification of Design Information.- 10.6 Extraction of Drawings.- 10.7 Model and Sheet References.- 11 Non-graphical Design Information.- 11.1 Non-graphical Design Information.- 11.2 Database Management.- 11.3 Types of Database.- 11.4 Relational Database Management.- 11.5 Design Attributes.- 11.6 Linking Graphical and Non-graphical Data.- 11.7 Attributes not Linked to the Graphical Data.- 12 Project Control and Quality Assurance.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Design Costs.- 12.3 Registers for Design Documents.- 12.4 Monitoring Design Work-in-Progress.- 12.5 Checking, Approvals and Release Control.- 12.6 Control of Document Exchanges.- 12.7 Design Revision Control.- 12.8 Document History File and Audit Trails.- 12.9 Quality Assurance and Design.- 13 Construction, Space Planning and Building Management.- 13.1 Construction Planning.- 13.2 A New Service Provided by the Original Designers.- 13.3 Strategic Space Planning for Business Concerns.- 13.4 Space Layout and Floor Plans.- 13.5 Visualisation and Interior Design.- 13.6 Facilities Management and Scheduling.- 14 Concluding Remarks and The Future.- References.