NCLEX-RN Exam Cram

Wilda Rinehart received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi. After working as a staff nurse and charge nurse, she became a public health nurse and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1975, she received her nurse practitioner certification in the area of obstetrics-gynecology from the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1979, she completed her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In 1980, she completed her Master of Science degree in Nursing from the same university and accepted a faculty position at Northeast Mississippi Community College, where she taught medical-surgical nursing and maternal-newborn nursing. In 1982, she founded Rinehart and Associates Nursing Consultants. For the past 26 years, she and her associates have worked with nursing graduates and schools of nursing to assist graduates to pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Nursing. She has also worked as a curriculum consultant with faculty to improve test construction. Ms. Rinehart has served as a convention speaker throughout the southeastern United States and as a reviewer of medical-surgical and obstetric texts. She has co-authored materials used in seminars presented by Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. As the president of Rinehart and Associates, she serves as the coordinator of a company dedicated to improving the quality of health through nursing education.   Dr. Diann Sloan received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College, a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Mississippi, and a Master of Science degree in Nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In addition to her nursing degrees, she holds a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Georgia State University and a Doctor of Philosophy in Counselor Education, with minors in both Psychology and Educational Psychology, from Mississippi State University. She has completed additional graduate studies in healthcare administration at Western New England College and the University of Mississippi. Dr. Sloan has taught pediatric nursing, psychiatric mental health nursing, and medical surgical nursing in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. As a member of Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review, Dr. Sloan has conducted test construction workshops for faculty and nursing review seminars for both registered and practical nurse graduates. She has co-authored materials used in the item-writing workshops for nursing faculty and Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. She is a member of Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society.   Clara Hurd received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi (1975). Her experiences in nursing are clinically based, having served as a staff nurse in medical-surgical nursing. She has worked as an oncology, intensive care, orthopedic, neurological, and pediatric nurse. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from the University of North Alabama in Florence, Alabama, and her Master of Science degree in Nursing from the Mississippi University for Women in Columbus, Mississippi. Ms. Hurd is a certified nurse educator. She currently serves as a nurse educator consultant and an independent contractor. Ms. Hurd has taught in both associate degree and baccalaureate degree nursing programs. She was a faculty member of Mississippi University for Women; Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee; Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee; and Northeast Mississippi Community College. Ms. Hurd joined Rinehart and Associates in 1993. She has worked with students in preparing for the National Council Licensure Exam and with faculty as a consultant in writing test items. Ms. Hurd has also been a presenter at nursing conventions on various topics, including itemwriting for nursing faculty. Her primary professional goal is to prepare the student and graduate for excellence in the delivery of healthcare.

Introduction . . . . . 1

Welcome to the NCLEX-RN® Exam Cram . . . 1

Taking the Computerized Adaptive Test . . . 2

The Cost of the Exam . . . . 2

How to Prepare for the Exam . . . 2

How to Use This Book. . . . 3

About the Book . . . . 4

Contact the Authors . . . . 5

Self-Assessment . . . . 5

Testing Your Exam Readiness . . . 6

Chapter 1: Preparing for the National Council Exam for Registered Nurses . . 7

Preparing for the Exam . . . . 8

  The CAT Exam . . . . 8

Testing Strategies. . . . 9

  Read the Question Carefully . . . 10

  Look for Keywords . . . . 10

  Watch for Specific Details . . . 10

  Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . 11

  Look for Similar Options . . . 11

  Look for Opposite Answers . . . 12

  Remember Legalities . . . . 12

  Remember Infection Control . . . 12

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 13

  Answer Rationales . . . . 15

Chapter 2: Pharmacology . . . . . 17

Three Areas of Pharmacology . . . 18

How Nurses Work with Pharmacology . . . 19

Time-released Drugs . . . . 20

Administering Medications . . . . 21

  The Seven Rights of Administering Medication. . 21

Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs. . 22

  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . 22

  Beta Adrenergic Blockers . . . 23

  Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides). . . 25

  Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety) . . 26

  Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic). . 28

  Glucocorticoids . . . . 29

  Antivirals. . . . 31

  Cholesterol-Lowering Agents . . . 32

  Angiotensin Receptor Blockers . . . 33

  Histamine 2 Antagonists. . . 34

  Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . 36

  Anticoagulants . . . . 37

  More Drug Identification Helpers . . . 38

Herbals . . . . . 38

Drug Schedules . . . . 39

Pregnancy Categories for Drugs. . . 40

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 41

  Answer Rationales . . . . 43

Chapter 3: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . 45

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. . . 46

  Chronic Bronchitis . . . . 46

  Emphysema . . . . 46

  Asthma . . . . 47

Acute Respiratory Infections . . . 47

  Pneumonia . . . . 48

  Pleurisy . . . . 49

  Tuberculosis . . . . 50

  Influenza . . . . 50

Acute Respiratory Failure. . . . 51

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome . . . 51

  Pulmonary Embolus . . . . 52

Emerging Infections . . . . 53

  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. . . 53

  Legionnaire’s Disease . . . . 54

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . . 55

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 55

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 57

  Answer Rationales . . . . 59

Suggested Readings and Resources. . . 60

Chapter 4: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Genitourinary System . . 61

Acute Glomerulonephritis . . . . 62

Chronic Glomerulonephritis . . . 63

End Stage Renal Disease . . . . 64

  Peritoneal Dialysis. . . . 64

  Hemodialysis . . . . 64

  Renal Transplantation. . . . 65

Nephrotic Syndrome . . . . 65

Urinary Calculi . . . . 66

Urinary Tract Infections. . . . 67

Genitourinary Disorders . . . . 67

  Prostatitis . . . . 67

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia . . . 68

Bladder Cancer . . . . 69

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . . 70

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 70

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 72

  Answer Rationales . . . . 74

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 75

Chapter 5: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Hematopoietic System . . 77

Anemia . . . . . 78

  Pernicious Anemia. . . . 78

  Aplastic Anemia . . . . 79

  Sickle Cell Anemia . . . . 80

  Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . 80

  Cooley’s Anemia (Thalassemia Major) . . . 81

Hemophilia. . . . 81

Polycythemia Vera. . . . 82

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . . 83

Pharmacology for Review . . . . 83

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 84

  Answer Rationales . . . . 86

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 87

Chapter 6: Caring for the Client with Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid/Base Balance. . . . 89

Basic Knowledge of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance . . 90

Regulation of pH and Its Effect on Fluid and Electrolytes. . 91

  How the Body Regulates pH . . . 91

Metabolic Acidosis . . . . 91

  Causes of Metabolic Acidosis. . . 91

  Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis . . . 92

  Care of the Client with Metabolic Acidosis. . 92

Respiratory Acidosis . . . . 93

  Causes of Respiratory Acidosis . . . 93

  Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis . . . 94

  Caring for the Client with Respiratory Acidosis. . 94

Metabolic Alkalosis . . . . 95

  Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis . . . 95

  Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis . . . 95

  Caring for the Client with Metabolic Alkalosis. . 96

Respiratory Alkalosis. . . . 96

     Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis. . . 96

  Care of the Client with Respiratory Alkalosis . . 97

Normal Electrolyte Values. . . . 97

Changes Associated with Aging. . . 98

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 100

  Answer Rationales . . . . 102

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 103

Chapter 7: Caring for the Client with Burns. . . . 105

Burn Classifications. . . . 106

  Burn Measurement with TBSA. . . 108

Nursing Care for Burn Victims. . . 109

  The Emergent Phase . . . 110

  The Intermediate Phase . . . 113

  Dressings for Burns. . . . 114

  The Rehabilitative Phase . . . 115

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 116

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 116

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 117

  Answer Rationales . . . . 119

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 120

Chapter 8: Caring for the Client with Sensorineural Disorders . . . 121

Disorders of the Eyes . . . . 122

  Intraocular Disorders . . . 122

  Retinal Disorders. . . . 125

  Refractive Errors . . . . 127

  Traumatic Injuries . . . . 128

Visual Tests for Review. . . . 129

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 129

Ear Disorders. . . . 129

  Otitis Externa. . . . 130

  Otitis Media . . . . 130

  Meniere’s Disease . . . . 130

  Otosclerosis . . . . 131

  Presbycusis . . . . 131

  Ear Trauma. . . . 132

Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss. . . 132

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 132

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 133

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 134

  Answer Rationales . . . . 136

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 137

Chapter 9: Caring for the Client with Cancer. . . . 139

Cancer. . . . . 140

  American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer . 140

  The Four Major Categories of Cancer . . . 140

  Risk Factors for Specific Cancers . . . 141

  Cancer Prevention. . . . 143

  Patient Teaching . . . . 143

Management of the Client with Cancer. . . 143

  Radiation. . . . 144

  Chemotherapy . . . . 145

Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation (PSCT) . 147

  Types of Transplants . . . . 148

  Nursing Care After Transplantation. . . 148

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma . . . . 149

  Diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma . . . 150

  Prognosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma . . . 150

  Treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. . . 150

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 151

Pharmacology for Review . . . . 152

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 154

  Answer Rationales . . . . 156

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 157

Chapter 10: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System . . 159

Ulcers . . . . . 160

  Types of Ulcers . . . . 160

  Treatment of Ulcers . . . . 161

Inflammatory Bowel Disorders . . . 163

  Crohn’s Disease (Regional Enteritis) . . . 163

  Ulcerative Colitis. . . . 164

Diverticulitis. . . . 165

  Diagnosis of Diverticulitis . . . 165

  Treatment of Diverticulitis. . . 166

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) . . . 166

Diseases Associated with the Liver . . . 167

  Hepatitis . . . . 167

  Cirrhosis . . . . 172

  Pancreatitis . . . . 174

    Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . 176

  Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis. . 176

  Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholethiasis . . . 177

  Treatment of Cholecystitis. . . 177

  Treatment of Cholethiasis . . . 177

Clostridium Difficile. . . . 178

Food-Borne Illnesses . . . . 179

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 180

Pharmacology for Review . . . . 180

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 182

  Answer Rationales . . . . 184

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 185

Chapter 11: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System . . 187

Fractures. . . . 188

  Treating Fractures . . . . 188

  Compartment Syndrome . . . 191

  Osteomyelitis . . . . 192

Osteoporosis. . . . 193

  Treatment of Osteoporosis. . . 194

Gout . . . . . 195

  Treatment of the Client with Gout. . . 195

Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . 195

  Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . 196

Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures . . . 197

  Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement . . . 197

  Total Knee Replacement . . . 198

  Amputations . . . . 199

Assistive Devices for Ambulation . . . 201

  Crutches . . . . 201

  Canes. . . . 202

  Walkers . . . . 202

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 203

Pharmacology for Review . . . . 203

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 205

  Answer Rationales . . . . 207

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 208

Chapter 12: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Endocrine System . . 209

The Endocrine System. . . . 210

Pituitary Disorders . . . . 210

  Tumors of the Pituitary . . . 211

Thyroid Disorders . . . . 213

  Hypothyroidism. . . . 213

  Hyperthyroidism . . . . 214

Parathyroid Disorders. . . . 216

  Hypoparathyroidism . . . . 216

  Hyperparathyroidism . . . 217

Adrenal Gland Disorders . . . . 218

  Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) . . 218

  Adrenocortical Hypersecretion (Cushing’s Syndrome) or Cushing’s Disease. . . 219

Diabetes Mellitus. . . . 219

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 223

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 223

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 224

  Answer Rationales . . . . 226

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 227

Chapter 13: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Cardiovascular System . . 229

Hypertension . . . . 230

  Medications Used to Treat Hypertension . . 231

Heart Block . . . . 231

  Toxicity to Medications . . . 233

  Malfunction of the Conduction System . . . 233

Myocardial Infarction . . . . 234

  Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction . . . 235

  Management of Myocardial Infarction Clients . . 236

Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart. . . 239

  Infective Endocarditis . . . 239

  Pericarditis . . . . 239

Buerger’s Disease. . . . 240

Thrombophlebitis . . . . 240

Raynaud’s Syndrome. . . . 241

Aneurysms . . . . 241

Congestive Heart Failure . . . . 242

     Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 242

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 243

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 244

  Answer Rationales . . . . 246

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 247

Chapter 14: Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System . . 249

Seizures. . . . . 250

  Types of Seizures . . . . 250

  Treatment of Seizure Clients. . . 252

Status Epilepticus . . . . 253

Brain Injuries . . . . 253

  Epidural Hematomas . . . 254

  Subdural Hematoma . . . . 254

  Treatment of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas . . 254

Increased Intracranial Pressure . . . 255

  Treatment of ICP . . . . 257

Neurological Assessment . . . . 258

  Cranial Nerve Assessment . . . 258

  Glasgow Coma Scale. . . . 259

  Intracranial Pressure Monitors . . . 260

Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . 260

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke . . . 262

Spinal Cord Injury . . . . 263

  Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries . . . 263

  Potential Complications with SCI Clients. . 264

Guillain-Barré . . . . 265

  Treating Clients with Guillian-Barré . . . 266

Degenerative Neurological Disorders . . . 266

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 267

Pharmacology for Review . . . . 267

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 269

  Answer Rationales . . . . 271

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 272

Chapter 15: Caring for the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . 273

Anxiety-Related Disorders . . . . 274

  Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . 274

  Post-traumatic Stress Disorder . . . 275

  Dissociative Identity Disorder . . . 275

  Somatoform Disorder. . . 276

  Panic Disorder . . . . 276

 Phobic Disorders . . . . 277

  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . 277

Personality Disorders . . . . 278

  Cluster A. . . . 278

  Cluster B. . . . 279

  Cluster C . . . . 280

  Managing Clients with Personality Disorders. . 281

Psychotic Disorders . . . . 282

  Schizophrenia. . . . 282

  Bipolar Disorders . . . . 284

Substance Abuse . . . . 286

  Alcoholism . . . . 286

  Other Commonly Abused Substances . . . 288

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence . . . 291

  Conduct Disorder . . . . 291

  Oppositional Defiant Disorder . . . 291

  Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. . . 291

  Autistic Disorder . . . . 292

  Eating Disorders . . . . 293

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 293

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 294

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 295

  Answer Rationales . . . . 297

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 298

Chapter 16: Caring for the Maternal/Infant Client. . . 299

    Signs of Pregnancy . . . . 300

  Presumptive Signs . . . . 300

  Probable Signs . . . . 300

  Positive Signs . . . . 301

Prenatal Care . . . . 301

  Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance. . . 301

  Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening. . . 301

  Other Prenatal Diagnostic Tests . . . 302

  Assessing Fetal Heart Tones . . . 303

  Ultrasonography . . . . 303

Signs of Complications of Pregnancy. . . 303

Types of Abortions . . . . 304

Complications Affecting Pregnancy . . . 305

  Diabetes in Pregnancy . . . 305

  Preeclampsia. . . . 306

  Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation . . 307

  Cord Prolapse . . . . 307

  Abruptio Placenta . . . . 307

  Placenta Previa. . . . 307

Maternal Infections. . . . 308

Preterm Labor . . . . 310

Intrapartal Care . . . . 311

  Stages of Labor . . . . 311

  Phases of Labor . . . . 312

  Important Terms You Should Know. . . 312

Prelabor Testing . . . . 313

Fetal Monitoring . . . . 314

Pharmacologic Management of Labor. . . 316

Postpartum Care . . . . 317

Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn. . . 317

Rh Incompatibility . . . . 318

Contraception . . . . 319

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 320

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 321

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 322

  Answer Rationales . . . . 324

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 325

Chapter 17: Caring for the Pediatric Client . . . . 327

Growth and Development . . . . 328

  Infant (28 Days to 1 Year) . . . 328

  Toddler (1–3 Years) . . . . 330

  Preschooler (3–5 Years) . . . 331

  School Age (6–12 Years) . . . 332

  Adolescence (12–18 Years) . . . 333

Congenital Anomalies. . . . 334

  Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal System . . 334

  Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System . . 338

  Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System . . 340

  Inborn Errors of Metabolism . . . 343

Respiratory Disorders. . . . 344

  Acute Otitis Media . . . . 345

  Tonsillitis . . . . 346

  Laryngotracheobronchitis . . . 347

  Acute Epiglottitis. . . . 347

  Bronchiolitis . . . . 348

  Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) . . . 349

Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . 350

  Gastroenteritis . . . . 350

  Pyloric Stenosis . . . . 350

  Intussusception . . . . 351

  Celiac (Gluten-Induced Enteropathy, Celiac Sprue) . . 351

Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . 351

  Rheumatic Fever . . . . 352

  Kawasaki’s Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) . 353

Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . 354

  Scoliosis. . . . 354

  Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . 355

  Muscular Dystrophies. . . 355

Childhood Cancer. . . . 356

  Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) . . . 356

  Leukemia . . . . 356

  Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma) . . . 357

Ingestion of Hazardous Substances . . . 357

  Salicylate Overdose . . . . 357

 Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Overdose . . . 357

  Lead (Plumbism) . . . . 358

  Iron Poisoning . . . . 358

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 359

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 359

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 360

  Answer Rationales . . . . 362

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 363

Chapter 18: Emergency Nursing. . . . 365

The ABCDs of Emergency Care . . . 366

  Airway . . . . 367

  Breathing . . . . 367

  Circulation . . . . 368

  Deficits . . . . 369

  Obtaining Client Information . . . 369

Trauma . . . . . 370

  Head Injuries . . . . 370

  Chest Injuries. . . . 371

  Abdominal Injuries . . . . 371

  Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . 372

Poisoning . . . . 373

Poisonous Stings and Bites . . . 374

Bioterrorism. . . . 375

  Chemical and Biological Agents . . . 375

  Nuclear Warfare . . . . 378

  Triage Categories for Disaster Victims . . . 379

Diagnostic Tests for Review. . . 379

Pharmacology Categories for Review. . . 380

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 381

  Answer Rationales . . . . 383

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 384

Chapter 19: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care. . . 385

Cultural Assessment . . . . 386

  Understanding Client Beliefs. . . 386

  Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages. . 387

Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos. . . 388

  Time Considerations. . . . 389

  Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 389

  Childbirth and Pain Response . . . 390

Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives. . 390

  Time Considerations. . . . 391

  Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 391

  Childbirth and Pain Response . . . 391

Healthcare of Asian-Americans . . . 391

  Time Considerations. . . . 393

  Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 393

  Childbirth and Pain Response . . . 393

Healthcare of Arab-Americans . . . 393

 Time Considerations. . . . 394

  Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication . . 394

  Childbirth and Pain Response . . . 394

Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . 395

Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . 396

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 400

  Answer Rationales . . . . 402

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 403

Chapter 20: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice . . . . 405

Types of Laws . . . . 406

  Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws . . . 407

  Civil Laws. . . . 407

  Criminal Laws . . . . 407

  Common Law . . . . 407

Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . 409

Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . 410

  Negligence . . . . 410

  Malpractice. . . . 410

  Witnessing Consent for Care . . . 411

  Tort . . . . 411

  Assault and Battery . . . . 411

  Fraud . . . . 411

Managing Client Care . . . . 411

Exam Prep Questions . . . . 417

Answers to Exam Questions. . . 419

  Suggested Reading and Resources . . . 420

Practice Exam I . . . . 421

Practice Exam II . . . . 475

Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . 529

Answers to Practice Exam II. . . . 559

Appendix A: Things You Forgot . . . . 589

Appendix B: Need to Know More? . . . . 597

Appendix C: Calculations. . . . . 605

Appendix D: Most-Prescribed Medications in the United States . . . 609

Appendix E: Alphabetical Listing of Nursing Boards in the United States and Protectorates . 613

TOC, 9780789751058, 7/18/2013