Environmental Ethics

Michael Boylan is Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Marymount University. He is the author and editor of 26 books, including his manifesto on social/political philosophy A Just Society (2004), and on cosmopolitanism Morality and Global Justice: Justifications and Applications (2011). Boylan was himself the focus of an edited volume, Morality and Justice: Reading Boylan s A Just Society (2009). He has served on professional and governmental policy committees and was a fellow at the Center for American Progress and a program presenter at The Brookings Institution. He has been an invited speaker in nine countries around the world, including talks in Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, Oslo, Dublin, Sydney, and the Sorbonne.

Notes on Contributors x Preface to the Second Edition xii Source Credits xiv Part I Theoretical Background 1 1 Ethical Reasoning 3 Michael Boylan 2 The Self in Context: A Grounding for Environmentalism 14 Michael Boylan Evaluating a Case Study: Developing a Practical Ethical Viewpoint 25 3 Worldview Arguments for Environmentalism 32 A. The Land Ethic and Deep Ecology 35 The Land Ethic 35 Aldo Leopold The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary 42 Arne Naess What Is Social Ecology? 46 Murray Bookchin B. Eco-Feminism and Social Justice 59 Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory 59 Carolyn Merchant The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism 64 Karen J. Warren Patently Wrong: The Commercialization of Life Forms 71 Wanda Teays C. Aesthetics 83 Aesthetics and the Value of Nature 83 Janna Thompson Worldview and the Value-Duty Link to Environmental Ethics 95 Michael Boylan Evaluating a Case Study: Finding the Conflicts 109 4 Anthropocentric versus Biocentric Justifications 115 A. Anthropocentric Justifications 118 Human Rights and Future Generations 118 Alan Gewirth Environmental Values, Anthropocentrism and Speciesism 122 Onora O Neill B. Biocentric Justifications 135 Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World 135 Holmes Rolston III Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics 152 Paul W. Taylor C. Searching the Middle 163 Reconciling Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 163 James P. Sterba On the Reconciliation of Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 176 Brian K. Steverson Reconciliation Reaffirmed: A Reply to Steverson 186 James P. Sterba Evaluating a Case Study: Assessing Embedded Levels 191 Part II Applied Environmental Problems 199 5 Pollution and Climate Change 201 A. Air and Water Pollution 203 Blue Water 203 Michael Boylan Polluting and Unpolluting 216 Benjamin Hale Moral Valuation of Environmental Goods 231 Mark A. Seabright B. Climate Change 243 Does a Failure in Global Leadership Mean It s All Over? Climate, Population, and Progress 243 Ruth Irwin Collective Responsibility and Climate Change 257 Seumas Miller Evaluating a Case Study: Applying Ethical Issues 268 6 Animal Rights 275 All Animals Are Equal 277 Peter Singer The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights 291 Tom Regan A Critique of Regan s Animal Rights Theory 300 Mary Anne Warren Mary Anne Warren and Duties to Animals 308 Michael Boylan Against Zoos 313 Dale Jamieson Evaluating a Case Study: Structuring the Essay 321 7 Sustainability 329 A. Sustainability: What It Is and How It Works 331 Defining Sustainability Ethics 331 Randall Curren A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption 345 Stephen M. Gardiner Sustainability and Adaptation: Environmental Values and the Future 358 Bryan G. Norton B. Sustainability and Development 371 Sustainable Development : Is It a Useful Concept? 371 Wilfred Beckerman On Wilfred Beckerman s Critique of Sustainable Development 387 Herman E. Daly Evaluating a Case Study: Cases on Sustainability 393 Further Reading 394