Any Questions? (eBook)

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Carmen Konzett, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Chapter 1. Introduction 13
Chapter 2. Researching talk-in-interaction 21
2.1 Looking through the participants’eyes 21
2.2 Doing CA 27
2.3 Investigating institutional talk 29
Chapter 3. The dynamic discursive nature of identity 32
3.1 Identity as a social construct 33
3.1.1 Symbolic interactionism 33
3.1.2 Impression management theory 37
3.2 Identity as a members’category 43
3.2.1 Indexicality and members’construction of reality 43
3.2.2 Membership categorization 45
3.2.3 Doing being X 53
3.3 Identity, self, and, face 57
3.3.1 Goffman’s notions of face and facework 57
3.3.2 Face in Watts’ social theory of politeness 59
3.3.3 Integrating the concept of face in a CA approach 63
3.4 Identity construction as a means to an end 65
3.4.1 Social positioning 65
3.4.2 Stylization of self and other 69
Chapter 4. Ethnographic background 73
4.1 Structure of conferences 74
4.2 Types of contributions in conference discussions 77
4.3 Discursive roles in discussions 88
4.3.1 What questioners do 89
4.3.2 What answerers do 91
4.3.3 What chairpersons do 94
4.4 Asking questions 96
4.4.1 What is a question? 96
4.4.2 Yes/No interrogatives 99
4.4.3 Constructing questions to achieve agreement 105
4.4.4 Contrasting academic question-answer sessions with interviews 108
4.5 Self-presentation – a key feature of conference participation 109
4.5.1 Members’ reasons for organising and participating in conferences 109
4.5.2 Self-presenting in the community 112
Chapter 5. The data 119
5.1 Data collection 119
5.2 Corpus structure 120
5.3 Transcription conventions 121
Chapter 6. The mechanics of discussions at academic conferences 127
6.1 TCU completion and assessment 127
6.2 Speaker selection 131
6.3 Sequential organisation 132
6.3.1 Side-sequences 135
6.3.2 Pre-sequences 138
6.4 Formulations 140
6.5 Preference 145
Chapter 7. Results of the data analyses 147
7.1 Doing being expert 149
7.1.1 Having the overview: doing formulations 151
7.1.1.1 Doing formulations to prepare the ground 152
7.1.1.2 Responding to formulations by referring to data 158
7.1.1.3 An ambivalent face strategy: si j’ai bien compris 167
7.1.1.4 Achieving co-agreement in formulations 170
7.1.1.5 SUMMARY of 7.1.1. (Doing formulations) 179
7.1.2 Displaying alternative access to an idea 179
7.1.2.1 moi je vois juxtaposing own research and presenter’s ideas 181
7.1.2.2 have you done X? 187
7.1.2.3 is it not X? 201
7.1.2.4 Putting an additional interpretation up for inspection 219
7.1.2.5 SUMMARY of 7.1.2. (Displaying alternative access to an idea) 224
7.1.3 Granting the presenter a claim of expertise: requesting information 224
7.1.3.1 I’m thinking of other types of data: requesting confirmation of informed guesses 225
7.1.3.2 c’est juste une toute petite question: pure information questions 233
7.1.3.3 have you seen this in language X? 239
7.1.3.4 parce que c'est important: information questions with an agenda 243
7.1.3.5 SUMMARY of 7.1.3 (Granting expert status to the presenter) 254
7.1.4 SUMMARY of 7.1 (Doing being expert) 254
7.2 Doing being a (good) researcher 255
7.2.1 Collaborative labelling 255
7.2.1.1 Displaying collective membership to the scientific community 256
7.2.1.2 Displaying understanding and competence 263
7.2.2 Explicit (and critical) reflection on research practices 268
7.2.2.1 Lecturing on good research practice 269
7.2.2.2 Displaying research practices as personal experience 274
7.2.3 Intertextuality at conferences: semiotic spanning 286
7.2.3.1 Positioning self in the scientific community 286
7.2.3.2 Referring to a third party as a specific academic practice 296
7.2.4 SUMMARY of 7.2 (Doing being a (good) researcher) 306
7.3 Doing being entertaining 307
7.3.1 Punchlines 308
7.3.1.1 Punchlines as part of one’s own turn 308
7.3.1.2 Punchlines triggered by other 313
7.3.2 Inserting formulations 316
7.3.2.1 Provocative statements to entertain 316
7.3.2.2 Formulations as laughables to connect with other(s) 320
7.3.3 Second laughables 328
7.3.4 Entertaining through narratives 332
7.3.4.1 Everyday-type narratives 333
7.3.4.2 Micro-narratives 339
7.3.4.3 Requested narratives 341
7.3.4.4 SUMMARY of 7.3 (Doing being entertaining) 344
7.4 Performing collective multiple professional identities 346
7.4.1 Displaying self’s professional identity as multi-layered 347
7.4.1.1 They – you – I: using pronouns to construct different viewpoints 347
7.4.1.2 Relating personal experiences: narratives and recipient design 351
7.4.1.3 Displaying affiliation with a category through prosodic and lexical markedness 356
7.4.1.4 SUMMARY of 7.4.1 (Displaying self’s professional identity as multi-layered) 359
7.4.2 Multiple professional identities presented as dilemmas of the self 360
7.4.2.1 Dilemmatic identities as an argumentative strategy 360
7.4.2.2 Stream-of-consciousness self-disclosure: content reflected by linguistic structure 366
7.4.2.3 SUMMARY of 7.4.2 (Multiple professional identities presented as dilemmas of the self) 372
7.4.3 In-groups and out-groups 373
7.4.3.1 Constructing group identity through joking and laughter 373
7.4.3.2 Competent self vs. incompetent other: precise wording and vague references 376
7.4.3.3 Othering through stylization: stereotyping absent others 379
7.4.3.4 A present other categorised as in contrast to in-group norms 386
7.4.3.5 SUMMARY of 7.4.3 (In-groups and out-groups) 395
7.4.3.6 SUMMARY of 7.4 (Performing multiple complex professional identities) 397
Notes 399
Chapter 8. Conclusion 401
References 409
Index 424