Region and State in Nineteenth-Century Europe

TIMOTHY BAYCROFT Senior Lecturer in French History at the University of Sheffield, UK JAMES BJORK Senior Lecturer in the History Department at King's College London, UK STEFANO CAVAZZA Associate Professor in Contemporary History at the University of Bologna, Italy ROBERT COLLS Professor of English History at the University of Leicester, UK JOSEP M. FRADERA Professor of Modern History at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain MAARTEN VAN GINDERACHTER Associate Professor at the Department of History at Antwerp University, Belgium PETER HASLINGER Director of the Herder Institute, Marburg and simultaneously Professor of East Central European History at the Historical Institute of the Justus Liebig University, Gießen and at the Gießen East European Centre (GiZo), Germany GOFFE JENSMA Head of the Department of Frisian Language and Culture and Director of the Groningen Research Institute for the Study of Culture, Groningen University, the Netherlands ANDREW G. NEWBY Senior Research Fellow at theCollegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki; Adjunct Professor (Docent) in European Area and Cultural Studies, University of Helsinki; Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen; and Visiting Researcher at Volda University College, Norway XOSÉ-MANOEL NÚÑEZ Professor of Modern History at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain SIEGFRIED WEICHLEIN Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland

Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction; J.Augusteijn & E.Storm PART I: TRANSNATIONAL Historiographical Approaches to Sub-national Identities in Europe: A Reappraisal and some Suggestions; X-M.Nunez The Birth of Regionalism and the Crisis of Reason: France, Germany and Spain; E.Storm PART II: CENTRALISED NATION-STATES National Diversity, Regionalism and Decentralism in France; T.Baycroft Regionalism in Italy: a Critique; S.Cavazzo PART III: CONTINENTAL EMPIRES Regionalism, Federalism and Nationalism in the German Empire; S.Weichlein How to run a multilingual society: Statehood, administration and regional dynamics in Austria-Hungary, 1867-1914; P.Haslinger PART IV: REGION, NATION, EMPIRE The Empire, the Nation, and the Homelands: Nineteenth-Century Spain's National Idea; J.Fradera 'A Mere Geographical Expression'? Scotland and Scottish Identity, c. 1890-1914; A.Newby PART V: COMPETING REGIONAL MOVEMENTS The Gaelic and the Northumbrian: Separatism and Regionalism in the UK, 1890-1920; R.Colls Irish Nationalism and Unionism between State, Region and Nation; J.Augusteijn Nationalist versus Regionalist? The Flemish and Walloon movements in Belle Epoque Belgium; M.Van Ginderachter PART VI: LANGUAGE AND RELIGION The Consequences of Transport by Steam: Dutch Nationalism and Frisian Regionalism in the Nineteenth Century; G.Jensma Inadvertent Allies: Catholicism and Regionalism in a German-Polish Borderland; J.Bjork Concluding Remarks; J.Augusteijn & E.Storm Index