The Research Mission of Higher Education Institutions outside the University Sector (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
Part I Introduction 12
1 Research in Higher Education Institutions Outside the University Sector 13
Introduction 13
The Countries Included in This Book 15
Types of Institution 16
Types of Study Programme 16
Types of Degree 17
Size of the UAS Sector 17
The Development of Research in the UAS Sector An Analytical Framework 18
Research Drift as the Outcome of Internal Processes in the UAS Sector 20
The Impact of External Actors on Research Drift in the UAS Sector 21
The Dynamics of Research Drift in the UAS Sector 22
The Problematic Notion of Research 23
National Strategic Measures 24
The Research Mandate 25
Funding of Research 25
Career Structures 26
Research Strategy at the Institutional Level 26
Management and Organisation of Research 28
Allocation of Funds and Work Time for Research 28
Recruitment and Development of Research Competence 29
Collaboration with Universities, Research Institutes and Industry 29
Conclusion 29
References 30
Part II Thematic Studies 32
2 The Regional Relevance of Research in Universities of Applied Sciences 33
Introduction 33
The Regional Mission of the UASs in Europe 35
The Rise and Decline of the Region: The Triplet of Hardware, Software and Mindware 37
Interactions Between Knowledge Institutions and Their Region 39
Alignment of Curricula with Demand 41
Student Internships and Thesis Work 42
Staff Mobility 42
Supporting Graduate Entrepreneurs 43
Contract Research and Consultancy 43
External Representatives in UAS Governance 43
Encouraging UAS-Regional Interaction 44
The Engaged UAS 47
Conclusion 49
References 51
3 The Relevance of Research for the Improvement of Education and Professional Practice 53
Introduction 53
National Policies 55
Research-Based Teaching 56
Research-Based Learning 58
Research-Based Practice 61
Research-Based Knowledge Production 62
Conclusion 66
References 66
4 Funding for Which Mission Changes and Ambiguities in the Funding of Universities of Applied Sciences and Their Research Activities 69
Introduction 69
Funding Models, Higher Education Steering and Research in the Non-university Sector 70
Funding and Steering of Higher Education 72
The Role of the State and the Autonomy of Individual Institutions 72
Education and Research: Jointly or Separated Funding? 73
Competing for Project Funding and for Private Sources 74
How Much Research and How Is It Funded 74
Low Level of Resources, Mostly from External Sources 75
General Allocation: Different Rules and Limited Research Support 76
Pushing the Development of Research Through Specific Support Measures 78
Competing for Project Funding 79
Funding Systems and Role of UASs in Public Research 81
References 83
5 Transforming Academic Practice: Human Resource Challenges 85
Changes in Academic Work 85
Comparison of Academic Employment in UASs 87
The Teaching and Research Environment 90
Issues and Challenges 94
Challenges for Staff and Institutions 95
Challenges for Government 98
Conclusion 99
References 99
Part III National Case Studies 102
6 Research in University Colleges in Belgium 103
Introduction 103
The Structure of the UCs 104
National Research Policy with Regard to UCs 106
Strategic Goals and Guidelines for Research 106
Priority Setting Between Teaching and Research 106
The Funding of Research 107
The Research Strategies in UCs 108
Institutional Strategy and Priority Setting 109
The Organisation and Management of Research 110
Collaboration with Universities and Industry 111
Human Resources and Careers 112
The Allocation of Resources for Research 115
Research Performance 116
The Extent and Output of Research 116
The Relevance of Research for the Regional Community and for the Development of Professional Expertise 117
Conclusion 117
References 119
7 Czech Republic: Research Required but Not Supported 121
Introduction 121
Non-university Higher Education Sector in the Czech Republic 122
Historical Development 122
Contemporary Situation 123
Data and Methods 125
Public Policies and Research in the Non-university Sector 126
Non-university HEIs and Professional Education Colleges in National Research Policy 126
Policy Objectives for Research 127
Public Funding of Research and the Non-university Sector 128
Accreditation of Study Programmes and the Research Requirement 129
Conclusion 130
Non-university Institutions and Their Research Strategies 130
Institutional Strategies and Priorities 130
Human Resources and Careers 131
Redefining Research 133
Organisation and Management of Research 134
Funding Sources and Collaboration with External Partners 134
The Extent and Output of Research 135
Dilemmas and Challenges 136
References 138
8 We Are a Training and Development Organisation Research and Development in Finnish Polytechnics 141
Introduction 141
National Policies for Research in Non-university Institutions 143
Strategic Goals and Guidelines for Research 144
Priority Setting Between Teaching and Research 145
Funding of Research 146
Research Strategy in Non-university Institutions 147
The Organisation and Management of Research 148
Collaboration with Universities and Industry 149
Human Resources and Careers 149
The Extent and Output of Research 151
R& D in Two Non-university Institutions
The Case of Lahti University of Applied Sciences 153
The Case of Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences 154
Dilemmas and Challenges 156
The Organisation and Management of Research 157
Teaching and Research 157
Discussion: R& D or T&
References 159
9 The Role of Research in German Universities of Applied Sciences 161
Introduction 161
The R& D Potential of Universities of Applied Sciences
National Policies for Research in Non-university Institutions 165
Strategic Goals and Guidelines for Research 165
Priority-Setting Between Teaching and Research 165
Funding of Research 166
Research Strategy in Non-university Institutions 169
Institutional Strategy and Priority Setting 169
The Organisation and Management of Research 171
Collaboration with Universities and Industry 171
Human Resources and Careers 172
The Allocation of Resources for Research 174
Research Performance in Non-university Institutions 174
The Extent and Output of Research 174
The Relevance of Research for the Regional Community 176
The Relevance of Research for the Development of Professional Expertise 177
Dilemmas and Challenges 178
References 180
10 Ireland: The Challenges of Building Research in a Binary Higher Education Culture 181
Introduction 181
Overview 182
National Policies for Research 185
Priority Setting Between Teaching and Research 186
Funding Research 187
IoT Research Strategy 188
Institutional Strategy and Priority Setting 188
Organisation and Management of Research 190
Collaboration with Universities and Industry 190
Human Resources and Careers 193
Research Performance 195
Extent and Output of Research 195
Relevance of Research for the Region 196
Dilemmas and Challenges 196
Higher Education System 197
Research 199
Funding Deficit 199
Academic Work and the Human Resources/Industrial Relations Environment 200
Poor Infrastructure and Organisation 201
Conclusion 201
References 202
11 Practice-Oriented Research: The Extended Function of Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences 204
The Dutch Binary System 204
National Policies for Research in UASs 207
National Goals and Conceptions of Research 207
Priority Setting Between Teaching and Research 209
Funding of Research 210
Research Strategy in Dutch UASs 212
Institutional Strategy and Priority Setting 212
The Lectorate as the Organisational Setting of Research 213
Collaboration with Industry and Universities 214
Human Resources and Careers 215
The Allocation of Resources for Research 217
Research Performance in UASs 218
The Assessment and Output of Research 218
The Relevance of Research for the Regional Community 219
The Future of Research in Dutch UASs 220
References 222
12 Norway: Strong State Support of Research in University Colleges 223
Introduction 223
National Policies for Research in the Colleges 225
Strategic Measures by State Authorities 227
The Introduction of a University-Like Career System 227
Establishment of Strategic Plans 228
Establishment of Research Programmes 228
Introduction of an Incentive-Based Funding System 229
Research Strategy in the Colleges 229
Institutional Strategy and Priority Setting 229
The Organisation and Management of Research 230
Enhancement of Research Qualifications and Distribution of Resources for Research 231
Research Performance in the Colleges 232
Funding 233
R& D Profile
Time Used for Research and Related Activities 234
Scientific and Scholarly Publishing 235
Internationalisation 235
Collaboration with Other Research Establishments 236
The Future of Research in the University Colleges 236
The Relevance of Research for the Regional Community 237
The Relevance of Research for the Development of Professional Practice 238
The Relevance of Research for Teaching and Education 238
Concluding Remarks 239
References 239
13 Striving for Differentiation: Ambiguities of the Applied Research Mandate in Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences 241
Introduction 241
The Policy Context: Swiss Higher Education and the Binary Divide 242
A Fragmented Governance Landscape 242
The Vocational Education Sector and the Creation of a Binary System 243
Merging and Expansion 244
Complexities in the Governance Structure 245
The Applied Research Mandate and Its Implementation 246
An Active Policy to Develop Research 247
A Funding System Oriented Towards Education 248
A Weakly Regulated Environment 249
Research Development and Institutional Strategies 249
Active Institutional Policies and Instruments 250
A Strong Concentration in Technology 251
Human Resources Policies 253
Which Role for Research in Swiss UASs 254
Success and Limitations of the Applied Research Mandate 254
Specialisation or Diffusion of Research Activities? 255
Research and Education: Conflicting Priorities 255
Research and Future of the Binary Divide 256
References 258
Part IV Conclusion 260
14 Sitting in the Middle: Tensions and Dynamics of Research in UASs 261
Introduction 261
Where Do We Stand Now A Status of Research in UASs 262
National Differences in Models and Functions of Research in UASs 264
A Very Differentiated Internal Landscape 265
Driving Forces and Important Actors 267
Integration Through International Standards: Bologna and Beyond 267
The State as a Driving Force for Research in UASs 268
Coping with the Big Brother: The Relationships with Universities 269
Distinction and Complementary Roles 270
Integration 270
Partnership 271
Conclusion: Between Functional Specialisation and Integration 272
References 273
Author Index 274
Subject Index 278