Sustainable Communities (eBook)

Dr. Clark founded Clark Strategic Partners (CSP) in 2004, whose major clients include: Energy Director (Goal: to make the nine campuses energy independent and carbon neutral) for the LA Community College District; Energy Technology Advisor for Paramount Pictures (solar and renewable systems); Senior Foreign Energy Advisor (Asian Development Bank) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), Peoples Republic of China (Analyze 6 nation states to see how IMAR can "leap frog" the enviro mistakes of the west); and Senior Fellow, Milken Institute. He also sits on the boards for non-profit and for-profit organizations.

Foreword 5
Contents 7
Contributors 9
1 Introduction and Overview 11
The International Perspective 14
Agile Sustainable Systems 17
Sustainable Community Focus 20
References 21
2 The Role of Business Leaders in Community Sustainability Coalitions: A Historical Perspective 22
Business Leadership of Urban Anti-smoke Movements 23
Learning from History 31
The Darker Side of Businesss Role in Smoke Regulation 34
Historys Complex Lessons 36
3 Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) 38
Setting the Policy 38
Implementing the Policy 40
The LACCD Renewable Energy Program 41
Paradigm Shift 43
Sustainable Practices 46
Water Conservation 47
Purchasing Carpet 47
Concrete 48
Construction Waste 48
Training the 21st-Century Workforce 50
Conclusion 51
4 Sustainable Cities as Communities and Villages 53
Emeryville, California 56
Alameda County, California 56
Marin County, California 58
Berkeley, California 59
Davis, California 60
Web Site Links 63
5 Greening Existing Communities 64
Introduction 64
WCBID Commitment 65
From Pledge to Vision 66
Underlying the Vision 67
Eco-Charrette Process 68
Envisioning a Sustainable Business District 69
Group Action 69
Short Term 69
Midterm 70
Reduce Automobile Dependence 70
Short Term 70
Midterm 71
Long Term 71
Strengthen Community 72
Short Term 73
Midterm 73
Long Term 74
Conserve and Generate Energy 74
Short Term 76
Midterm 76
Long Term 77
Conserve Water 79
Rain Harvesting 79
Short Term 79
Midterm 79
Long Term 81
From Vision to Reality 81
6 Santa Monica Sustainable City Plan: Sustainability in Action 83
Introduction 83
Program History 84
Updating the Plan 85
Guiding Principles 85
Goal Areas 87
Resource Conservation 88
Solid Waste 88
Water Use 88
Energy Use 88
Renewable Energy 88
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 89
Ecological Footprint 89
Sustainable Procurement 89
Green Construction 89
Governance 89
Report Card 90
Santa Monica Green Building Program 91
History 92
Program 92
Education 92
Motivation 93
Facilitation 94
Regulation 94
Energy Efficiency 95
Green Building Materials 95
Landscape Water Conservation 95
Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion 95
Solar Santa Monica 96
History 96
Program 97
Results 98
Conclusion 99
7 Renewable Energy Practices in the City and County of San Francisco 100
Solar Power Ting, Phil. Go Solar SF. San Franciscos Groundbreaking Solar Incentive Program . November 24, 2008. 101
Incentive Program 102
Expedited Permit 103
Clean Tech Payroll Tax Exemption 103
Solar Monitoring 103
Mayors Solar Founders Circle 104
The Moscone Convention Center Solar Project 105
Wave Power 106
CCSF Geothermal Project 107
Wind Power 109
Recycling and Composting 110
Other Practices 111
Hydropower 111
Biodiesel 111
8 Building Sustainability: The Role of K-12 Education 113
Opportunity 114
Function 114
Timing 115
Case Study: Pleasanton Unified School District 116
Conclusion 128
9 Google's Clean Energy 2030 Plan: Why It Matters 129
Introduction 130
Googles Relevancy in the Renewable Energy Arena 130
Corporate Social Responsibility and Google as an Energy User 130
Energy Initiatives Under Google.org 131
Google and GE Partnership 131
Overview of Googles Plan 132
Energy Efficiency 133
Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources 133
Transportation 134
Economics and Jobs 134
A Time for Action 135
Sources 136
10 Sustainable Communities in the UK 139
Requirements of Sustainable Communities 139
Integration of Best Practices 140
Public Policy 141
Supplement to Planning Policy Statement 1: Planning and Climate Change 139
Code for Sustainable Homes 144
Education and Marketing 145
Case Studies in the UK 145
Upton 145
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology) 145
The Carbon Challenge: A Technical Challenge 150
Carbon Challenge Sites: Bickershaw and Peterborough 151
Future Projects and Policy 156
11 Sustainable Towns: The Case of Frederikshavn 100 Renewable Energy 158
Introduction 159
Definition of Renewable Energy 159
Development Phases 160
The Present Situation: Year 2007, Approximately 20 Renewable Energy 161
The First Phase: Frederikshavn in the Year 2009 161
The Second Phase Frederikshavn in the Year 2015: 100 RE on an annual basis 163
New Waste Incineration CHP Plant 163
Expansion of District Heating Grid 164
Transportation 165
Biogas Plant and Methanol Production 165
Geothermal and Heat Pumps 165
CHP Plant and Boilers 166
Wind Power 166
Energy System Analysis 166
The Third Phase: Frederikshavn in the Year 2030: 100 Renewable Energy and Less Biomass 168
Climate Change Mitigation in Denmark - A bottom-Up Approach 170
References 171
12 Sustainable Communities: The Piedmont Region, Settimo Torinese, Italy 172
Innovative Paradigms for Ideas, Projects, and Practices 173
Parallel Experiences Underway: Milano CityLife, Sesto San Giovanni (Falck), Settimo Torinese (Green Tech Park, Laguna Verde) 174
A New District for an Important Milanese Suburban City: Sesto San Giovanni (Formerly Falck Steel Mill) http://www.risanamentospa.it/upload/nenergiaOtt06.pdf http://www.risanamentospa.it/web/start.asp?idLingua=2 .
Settimo Torinese: The R& D Archipelago Green Tech Park, a New Territory for the Experimentation of Energy Innovation in Piedmont, Northern Italy
The Use of Sustainable, Renewable Resources and the Implementation of New Technologies and Sustainable Practices in Settimo Torinese as a Sustainable Town 181
Laguna Verde: A New Eco-Town of the Future in Settimo Torinese, from Dream to Reality 183
Laguna Verde 183
Structural Details 184
Global Sustainability, Resources, and Technologies in Laguna Verde, Settimo Torinese 185
Energy Production and Consumption 187
Water 188
Wind 189
Solar 189
Geothermal 190
Other Remarks 190
Waste Management 191
A New Paradigm of Sustainable Building Underway in Settimo Torinese, Under the Guidelines of Laguna Verde 192
Conclusion 194
13 Sustainable Development in Lithuania 195
National Strategy for Sustainable Development 196
Lithuanian Sustainable Development Priorities and Principles 197
Sustainable Development Vision and the State Mission 198
Sustainable Development Vision 198
The State Mission 199
Strategy Implementation and Control 201
Sustainable Development Indicators 202
Sustainable Development Models 206
Sustainable Development Policy in Lithuania 211
International Cooperation 211
Main Instruments of Sustainable Development Policy in Lithuania 213
References 216
14 Rizhao: Chinas Green Beacon for Sustainable Chinese Cities 217
References 223
15 Ecological Construction and Sustainable Development in China: The Case of Jiaxing Municipality 225
Introduction 225
Objective 227
Achievements of Jiaxings Eco-civilization Construction 227
Ecological Concern and Environmental Protection 228
The Ecological Elements in Pollution Discharge and Emission Reduction 228
Discharge and Emission Reduction Projects 229
Ecological Economy 230
Ecological and Energy-Saving Construction 230
Comprehensive Pollution Control 231
Public Supervision 231
The Environmental Protection for Another 3 Years Campaign 232
New Environmental Protection Mechanisms and Public Ecological Awareness 233
Targets and Measures of Jiaxings Ecological Sustainable Development 233
Main Targets 234
Measures 235
Lessons from Jiaxing Experience: Chinese Social Capitalism 238
Understanding the Chinese Developmental State 239
State Corporatism 240
Lessons from the Chinese Model 242
Conclusion 242
References 243
16 Japanese Experience with Efforts at the Community Level Toward a Sustainable Economy: Accelerating Collaboration Between Local and Central Governments 244
Introduction 245
Kitakyushu City: An Environmentally Friendly Industrial Center 247
Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture: City Overview 247
The Eco-Town Project 248
Kitakyushu Eco-Town 248
Other Ongoing Efforts in Kitakyushu City 249
Ota City: Solar Town 250
Ota City, Gunma Prefecture: City Overview 250
Residential Solar Power in Japan 251
Pal Town Josai-no-Mori 251
Other Ongoing Efforts in Ota City 255
Yokohama: A Green Metropolis 255
Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture: City Overview 255
The Environmental Model Cities Program 256
Environmental Model City: Yokohama 257
Other Ongoing Efforts in Yokohama 259
The Zero-Emission House: Showcasing Japanese Green Technology 260
Conclusion 261
References 261
Conclusion and Summary: The Next Steps 263
The Problem Contains the Solution 265
Agile Sustainable Developed Energy Systems 268
Appendix A Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) 272
The 21st Century Green Energy Economy: The Third Industrial Revolution 31
Appendix B Aragon and Navarra, Spain 279
Aragon 279
2.0.0 GM Zaragoza 280
2.0.0 Walqa Technology Park 280
Navarra 281
2.0.0 Acciona Zero Emissions Building 281
Appendix C City Design and Planning: A Global Overview and Perspective 283
Developing the Tools to Create Sustainable Eco-cities 284
Sustainable Projects Appraisal Routine (SPeAR ) 284
Integrated Resource Management IRM 285
Results Generated by this Approach: Sustainable Eco-city vs. Conventional City 286
Other Examples of the Arup Approach at Work 286
Stratford City, London, United Kingdom 286
Dongtan Eco-city, Shanghai, China 287
Zuidas Development 2007, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 288
Jeddah Central District, Saudi Arabia 289
Waterfront Dubai 290
Urbanya, Santiago, Chile 291
La Spezia, Italy 291
Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles, California 292
Vista Canyon, Valencia, California 293
Index 294