Paid and Unpaid Labour in the Social Economy (eBook)

Contents 6
Contributors 11
List of Abbreviations 13
Introduction and Overview 15
1 Analytical Issues 17
2 Empirical Studies: Evidence from an Italian Microeconometric Survey 18
3 Empirical Studies: Comparative Evidence from Italy and Other Countries 19
4 Main Results 20
References 23
1 A Comprehensive Interpretation of Voluntary and Under- Remunerated Work 24
1.1 Introduction 24
1.2 The Evolution of the Nonprofit Sector and of Voluntary Work 26
1.3 Work in Nonprofit Organizations: Interpretations and Empirical Verification 28
1.4 The Motives Underlying Work Choices 31
1.5 The Distinctive Features of Social and Collective- Interest Services 34
1.6 A Possible Encounter Between Multiple Motivations and the Sector’s Characteristics 37
1.7 Concluding Remarks 42
References 43
2 How Nonprofit Organizations Manage Risk 46
2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 Special Issues of Risk for Nonprofits 47
2.3 Views from the Literature 50
2.4 Causes of Inefficient Nonprofit Decision Making Under Risk 52
2.5 Nonprofit Strategic Decisions Under Risk 54
2.6 Concluding Remarks 57
References 58
3 Property Rights and Incentives in Social Cooperatives 60
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Property Rights and Control in Social Cooperatives: Why Incentivize? 62
3.3 The Janus Face of Social Cooperatives: What to Incentivize 65
3.4 The Communal Entitlement of the Definition of Incentives: A Possible Model 68
3.5 Incentives Beyond Wages: Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Organization Theory by Using Property Rights 69
3.6 Concluding Remarks 72
References 73
4 The Supply of Labour and Household Production 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 The Endowment of Labour 77
4.3 A General Household Production Model 80
4.4 A Simple Case with Occupational Choice 83
4.5 The Net Result from Labour Supply 88
4.6 Concluding Remarks 90
References 91
5 Working for Nothing and Being Happy. The Determinants of the Satisfaction of Volunteers and Paid Workers 93
5.1 Introduction 93
5.2 What is Voluntary Work? 94
5.3 The Satisfaction of Volunteers and the Supply of Voluntary Work 95
5.4 The Dataset 96
5.5 The Features of Volunteers and Paid Workers 97
5.6 Comparing Volunteers’ and Paid Workers’ Motivations, Attitudes and Satisfaction 98
5.7 Ordered Logit Analysis: The Determinants of Volunteers’ and Paid Workers’ Satisfaction 101
5.8 Concluding Remarks 106
References 106
6 Perceived Fairness and Worker Well-Being in Public, For- Profit and Nonprofit Firms: Evidence from the Italian Social Service Sector 108
6.1 Introduction 108
6.2 The Descriptive Analysis of Procedural and Distributive Fairness 110
6.3 The Influence of Procedural and Distributive Fairness on Worker Well- Being 115
6.4 Concluding Remarks 123
References 124
7 Wage Effects of Recruitment Methods: The Case of the Italian Social Service Sector 126
7.1 Introduction 126
7.2 Theoretical and Empirical Evidence on Informal Networks 127
7.3 Aims and Econometric Methodology 130
7.4 Data and Variables 132
7.5 Wage and Human Capital Differentials by Organization 134
7.6 Wages and Hiring and Job-Search Methods 138
7.7 Concluding Remarks 144
Appendix 147
References 151
8 The Productivity of Volunteer Labour: DEA- Based Evidence from Italy 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 The Productivity of Volunteer Labour: A Survey 154
8.3 The Empirical Approach 157
8.4 Some Descriptive Evidence 160
8.5 Some Econometric Evidence 163
8.6 Concluding Remarks 166
Appendix 167
References 173
9 Volunteer Labour Supply: Micro-econometric Evidence from Italy 175
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 The Empirical Hypotheses 177
9.3 The Empirical Literature 178
9.4 The Data 179
9.5 The Econometric Strategy 181
9.6 Concluding Remarks 189
Appendix 190
References 190
10 Voluntary Associations and Trustworthiness: An Empirical Examination at Italian Regional Level 192
10.1 Introduction 192
10.2 Empirical Analysis: Data and Methodology 194
10.3 The Empirical Results 199
10.4 Concluding Remarks 201
Appendix 204
References 204
11 A Comparison of Wage Inequality in For-Profit, Nonprofit and Local Government Organizations: Nursing Homes in the Midwestern US 206
11.1 Introduction 206
11.2 Theory and Hypotheses 208
11.3 The Empirical Methodology 216
11.4 Results 221
11.5 Discussion and Conclusion 223
References 227
12 Tacit Knowledge and Volunteers’ Empowerment in the Fair Trade Sector 229
12.1 Introduction 229
12.2 Fair Trade Market: An Overview 231
12.3 Capabilities Approach and Social Constructivism in the Fair Trade Community 234
12.4 Comparative Results from the Fair Project 237
12.5 A Deeper Analysis of the Italian Case Studies 248
12.6 Concluding Remarks 249
References 250
13 The ‘Re-Emergence’ of Social Enterprises in CEE and the CIS 252
13.1 Introduction 252
13.2 Institutional Pluralism and the Emergence of Social Enterprise as a Concept 254
13.3 Social Enterprises in CEE and the CIS 260
13.4 Social Enterprise, Economic and Social Development 264
13.5 Concluding Remarks 266
References 267