The Disability Rights Movement

Doris Zames Fleischer, a full-time member of the Department of Humanities at New Jersey Institute of Technology since 1988, has written and lectured widely on issues related to disability rights. The late Frieda Zames, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at New Jersey Institute of Technology, was a much honored pioneer in securing rights for people with disabilities.

Personal Notes Preface to the Updated Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments Chronology Abbreviations and Acronyms 1. "Wheelchair Bound" and "The Poster Child" FDR, the "Cured Cripple" * League of the Physically Handicapped * The March of Dimes * Parent-Initiated Childhood Disability Organizations * The Poster Child and the Telethon * Changing Views of Disability in the United States 2. Seeing by Touch, Hearing by Sign Blindness and Deafness: A Comparison * Sign Language and Oralism * Braille and Talking Books * Sheltered Workshops * The Lighthouse * Mobility for Blind People: Guide Dogs and White Canes * Jacobus tenBroek and the National Federation of the Blind * NYC Subway Gates: A Controversy in the Blind Community * NFB: Trailblazer for Sections 504 and 501 * NFB and ACB: Different Approaches to Blindness * Deafness as Culture * American Sign Language * The Gallaudet University Uprising * Black Deaf Advocates * Education of Deaf Children * Helen Keller, the Social Reformer 3. Deinstitutionalization and Independent Living Deinstitutionalization * Early Accessibility Efforts in the Colleges * Ed Roberts and the Independent Living Movement * Proliferation of the Independent Living Concept * Characteristics of Independent Living Centers * Independent Living as an Extension of Rehabilitation * Evaluation of the Independent Living Movement * Independent Living and the New Disability Activism 4. Groundbreaking Disability Rights Legislation: Section 504 The Cherry Lawsuit for the Section 504 Regulations * Section 504 as a Spur to Political Organizing * ACCD, Propelling Section 504 * The Section 504 Demonstrations * The Transbus Controversy * Accessible Transit and New York City * Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) * California Accessible Buses * Mainstreaming Public Transit * The Civil Rights Significance of Accessible Transportation 5. The Struggle for Change: In the Streets and in the Courts Disabled In Action * New York Lawyers for the Public Interest * Recognizing Disability as a Civil Rights Issue * Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund * The Need for Disability Rights Attorneys * ADAPT * Justice For All 6. The Americans with Disabilities Act Enacting the ADA * The ADA and Section 504 * Title I: Employment * Title III: Public Accommodation * Title II: Public Services (State and Local Government) * Title II: Public Transportation * Title IV: National Telephone Relay Service * Title V: Miscellaneous * The Supreme Court and the ADA * The Myth of "The Disability Lobby" * Backlash * Every American's Insurance Policy Log 7. Access to Jobs and Health Care Employment Discrimination * Affirmative Action * Disability Employment in Corporate America * Employment of People with Developmental Disabilities * Employment of People with Psychiatric Disabilities * The Criminalization of People with Psychiatric Disabilities * Different Approaches to Psychiatric Disabilities * Mangled Care * A Two-Tier Health Care System * People with Special Needs in Managed Care * An Arbitrary Patchwork * Falling through the Cracks: Children with Special Health Needs * Long-Term Care in the Community * Health Policy Reforms * The Nexus between Jobs and Health Care 8. "Not Dead Yet" and Physician-Assisted Suicide Opposition to "the Death Train" * The Supreme Court * AIDS Activists * Pain Management * Focus on Cure: A Pernicious Message * The Eugenics Movement and Euthanasia * The Politics of Physician-Assisted Suicide * Netherlands "Slippery Slope" vs. U.S. "Political Strategy" * First-Year Report on Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon * Legalizing Disability Discrimination * Dangers of an Inflexible Law * "A Better Solution" * The Distinction between Severe Disability and Terminal Illness 9. Disability and Technology Universal Design * Accessible Taxis * Teletypewriters and Relay Systems * A Clash of Cultures * The One-Step Campaign * Wheelchair Ingenuity * Accessible Classrooms and Laboratories * The Computer as an Accommodation * Psychopharmacology * Bioethical Dilemmas * The Internet and a Miracle Baby * Medical and Genetic Information * "Slash, Burn, and Poison" * Transforming Scientific Orthodoxy: AIDS Activism * Toward a New Vision: Three Queries 10. Disabled Veterans Claim Their Rights Legislation and Self-Advocacy * Rehabilitation: The Man, Not the Wound * Paralyzed Veterans of America * Automobiles: Opening "New Vistas" * The Pattern of Denial * Atomic and Chemical Guinea Pigs * Holding a Nation Accountable 11. Education: Integration in the Least Restrictive Environment A "Quiet Revolution" * Enforcing the IDEA: Early Efforts * Least Restrictive Environment * An Appropriate Identity * The IDEA in the Courts * The Special Education Controversy * Somnolent Samantha * A Microcosm of the Real World 12. Identity and Culture Three Strands of the Movement * Disability Pride: Celebrating Difference * Changing Perceptions and the Media * Assessment of the Movement * A Stealth Movement 13. Disability Rights in the Twenty-First Century Olmstead and the Community Choice Act * "Visitability" * Psychiatric Survivors and Consumers * The New Eugenics * Physician-Assisted Suicide * Media, Technology, and Disability Culture * Disabled Veterans * Activists Assess Progress in Securing Disability Rights * Disability Rights Attorneys Speak * Perceptions of Disability Notes Index