Law-Making and Legitimacy in International Humanitarian Law

Edited by Heike Krieger, Professor of Public and International Law, Freie Universität Berlin, Chair Berlin Potsdam Research Group ‘The International Rule of Law- Rise or Decline?’, Germany with Assistant Editor Jonas Püschmann, Research Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg, Germany

Contents:

Preface xi

PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Law-making and legitimacy in international humanitarian law 2
Heike Krieger and Jonas Püschmann

PART II LEGITIMACY AS ANALYTICAL LENS
2 The roles of legitimacy in international legal discourses: Legitimizing
law vs legalizing legitimacy 16
Jean d’Aspremont
3 The role of legitimacy in international humanitarian law: A comment 33
Stefan Kadelbach
4 Actor legitimacy and the application of IHL: A rejoinder to d’Aspremont 41
Tom Ruys

PART III INFORMAL LAW-MAKING IN INTERNATIONAL
HUMANITARIAN LAW AS A POLITICAL CHOICE
5 Global norms governing the protection of civilians, conflict, and
weapons: Formal or informal law-making? 56
Denise Garcia
6 Post-international humanitarian law? A rejoinder to Denise Garcia 80
Philip Liste
7 Noncompliance as law-making 89
Timothy Meyer

PART IV NEW LAW THROUGH PRACTICE?
8 Interpreting the Geneva Conventions: subsequent practice instead of
treaty amendments? A case study of ‘non-international armed conflicts’
under Common Article 3 117
Emily Crawford
9 Legitimacy and methodology – a subtle yet significant influence:
Judicial decisions and the development of international humanitarian law 141
Shane Darcy
10 The interpretation of IHL treaties: Subsequent practice and other salient issues 150
Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Elvina Pothelet
11 Methodological challenges in ascertaining customary international
humanitarian law: Can customary international law respond to changing
circumstances in warfare? 170
Robert Heinsch

PART V COURTS AND MANUALS – DECOUPLING LAW-MAKING
FROM STATES?
12 Judicial practice in international criminal law: Law-making in disguise? 196
Thomas Rauter
13 The law at hand: Paratext in manuals on international humanitarian law 217
Wouter G. Werner
14 International manuals in international humanitarian law: A rejoinder to
Wouter G. Werner 232
Robin Geiß and Anni Pues
15 Interpretation and identification of international humanitarian law:
Responses of the International Law Commission 242
Georg Nolte
16 Manuals and courts: International humanitarian law, informal
law-making and normativity 253
Dale Stephens

PART VI LEGITIMACY AND PARTICIPATION
17 International humanitarian law-making in Latin America: Between the
international community, humanity, and extreme violence 277
Alejandro Rodiles
18 Sovereign equality and law-making: how do states from the Global
South shape international humanitarian law? An African perspective 300
Balingene Kahombo
19 Sovereign equality and law-making: how do states from the Global
South shape international humanitarian law? A comment to Alejandro
Rodiles and Balingene Kahombo 324
Michael Bothe
20 Between war and peace: Negotiating and implementing legitimate
ceasefire agreements 335
Cindy Wittke
21 Law-making participation by non-state armed groups: The prerequisite
of law’s legitimacy? 357
Hyeran Jo
22 Non-state armed groups and international humanitarian law-making –
the challenge of legitimacy: A reply to Cindy Wittke and Hyeran Jo 375
Cedric Ryngaert

PART VII LEGITIMACY AND NORM ENTREPRENEURS
23 The impact of human rights advocacy: Between (mis)stating the law
and pursuing humanitarian policies? 385
Robert Cryer
24 From the Martens clause to the CNN factor: Is the impact of media and
public opinion on law-making discernible? 404
Daniel Joyce
25 Media, public opinion and humanitarian advocacy 422
William Boothby

PART VIII CONCLUSION
26 A legitimacy crisis of international humanitarian law? 429
Heike Krieger and Jonas Püschmann