Business and Professional Ethics

Leonard J. Brooks is Professor of Business Ethics & Accounting at the Rotman School of Management of the University of Toronto. He is the Director of the Professional Accounting Centre, and the Master of Forensic Accounting Program (formerly the Diploma in Investigative & Forensic Accounting Program) at the University�s Institute for Management & Innovation. Professor Brooks served 14 years on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Business Ethics and as Founding Editor of Corporate Ethics Monitor, a pioneering bimonthly publication. He has published articles on ethics issues in the Journal of Business Ethics, Accounting Organizations and Society, Canadian Accounting Perspectives, and Business & Society. He coauthored BUSINESS & PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVES & ACCOUNTANTS, 8E with Paul Dunn; ETHICS & GOVERNANCE: DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING AN ETHICAL CORPORATE CULTURE, 4E with David Selley; and PRINCIPLES OF STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT: THE CLARKSON PRINCIPLES with Lee Preston and Thomas Donaldson. Prior to joining the University of Toronto, he obtained his CA designation (in 1970) and subsequently became an audit manager and Director of Manpower for Touche Ross & Co. (now Deloitte.) in Toronto. Professor Brooks served as a member, then chair, of the Chartered Accountants� national Board of Examiners and chair of its national Syllabus Committee. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (FCA) of Ontario in 1982. These professional designations were converted to CPA and FCPA in 2012. He consults with individuals, corporations, governmental and non-governmental organizations and serves as an expert witness and media-commentator. Professor Brooks is also a former director of the Canadian Centre for Ethics & Corporate Policy and a former president of the Canadian Academic Accounting Association. Paul Dunn is a Professor of Business Ethics at the Goodman School of Business, Brock University. Dr. Dunn has a doctorate in accounting from Boston University as well as two degrees in philosophy from the University of Toronto. He is a CPA who worked in downtown Toronto with Ernst & Young (as a chartered accountant), the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (in the finance division), as well as in the private sector (in controllership). Professor Dunn�s research focuses on ethics, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility. His theory papers and the empirical results of his research have appeared in a variety of scholarly journals, including the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Management, Business & Society, and Business Ethics Quarterly. The media in both Canada and internationally interview Paul Dunn regularly.

CHAPTER 1 ETHICS EXPECTATIONS
The Ethics Environment for Business: The Battle for Credibility, Reputation & Competitive Advantage
New Expectations for Business
Responses & Developments
The Ethics Environment for Professional Accountants
Managing Ethics Risks & Opportunities
Questions
Reading Insights
References
Case Insights
ETHICS CASES involving (number of cases):
Improper Behavior (5)
Advertising & Sales promotion (4)
Financial Transactions (2)
Control of Information (2)
Concerning the Environment (3)
Product Safety (5)
Accounting & Auditing (2)
CHAPTER 2 ETHICS & GOVERNANCE SCANDALS
Ethics & Governance: A Timeline of Important Events
Ethics & Governance: The Early Developments Prior to 1970
Ethics & Governance: 1970�1990
Ethics & Governance: The Modern Era�1990 to the Present
Significant Ethics & Governance Scandals & Events
Signs of Ethical Collapse
Ethics & Governance: Trends
Ethics & Governance: Timetables of Important Events, 1929�2019
New sections:
Unethical Bank Cultures Produce Scandals
#MeToo Movement Reaches a Tipping Point
Harmful Products Draw Huge Settlements and Change Perspectives
Accounting Crises lead to Re-imagination of Professional Accountant�s Role
U.S. Business Roundtable Statement Signals Acceptance of Stakeholder Interests
Useful Video & Films
Questions
References
Case Insights
ETHICS CASES:
Enron, Arthur Andersen, Worldcom
LIBOR Manipulations, Deutsche Bank�s Cultural Disaster
Bernie Madoff Scandal
Wal-Mart Bribery, GM Ignition Faults, VW Cheats on Emissions Tests
General Motors installed faulty ignition switches
Takata air bags explode injuring passengers with metal shrapnel
Volkswagen software defeats environmental exhaust emissions testing
Valeant Pharmaceuticals and Turing Pharmaceuticals bought drugs and jumped prices
CHAPTER 3 ETHICAL BEHAVIOR�PHILOSOPHERS� CONTRIBUTIONS 127
Ethics & Moral Codes
Ethics & Business
Self-Interest & Economics
Ethics, Business & The Law
Major Ethical Theories Useful in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
Moral Imagination
Questions
Case Insights
Useful Video & Film
References
ETHICS CASES about improper behavior (7)
John DeLorean�s Overcommitment to His Company
Google�s Tax Minimization Strategy: Utilitarian Consequences
New York Times Dual Class Share Structure: Distributive Injustice?
Ben and Jerry�s Application of the Rawlsian Difference Principle
Merck and River Blindness: Justice as Fairness
Beach-Nut Nutrition Corporation and Blind Corporate Loyalty
Johnson & Johnson�s Worldwide Recall of Tylenol: Virtue Ethics
CHAPTER 4 PRACTICAL ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
Introduction
Motivating Developments for Ethical Learning
Ethical Decision Making Framework (EDM)�An Overview
Philosophical Approaches�An Overview: Consequentialism (Utilitarianism), Deontology, & Virtue Ethics
Sniff Tests & Common Heuristics�Preliminary Tests of Ethicality
Stakeholder Impact Analysis�Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Decisions & Actions
Stakeholder Impact Analysis: Modified Traditional Decision-Making Approaches
Integrating Philosophical & Stakeholder Impact Analysis Approaches
Other Ethics Decision-Making Issues
A Comprehensive Ethical Decision-Making Framework
Conclusion
Questions
References
Illustrative Applications & Case Insights
ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS (4)
ETHICS CASES About:
Harm to individuals (4)
Harm to the environment (1)
Governance decisions (3)
CHAPTER 5 CORPORATE ETHICAL GOVERNANCE & ACCOUNTABILITY
Modern Governance & Accountability Framework�To Shareholders & Other Stakeholders
New Expectations�New Framework to Restore Credibility
Corporate Governance Overview
Accountability to Shareholders or Stakeholders?
The Shareholder Value Myth
Governance for Broad Stakeholder Accountability
Guidance Mechanisms�Ethical Culture & Code of Conduct
Threats to Good Governance & Accountability
Misunderstanding Objectives & Fiduciary Duty
Failure to Identify & Manage Ethics Risks
Conflicts of Interest
Key Elements of Corporate Governance & Accountability
Compelling Evidence for the Development of an Ethical Corporate Culture
Developing, Implementing, & Managing an Ethical Corporate Culture
Corporate Codes of Conduct
Ethical Leadership
Corporate Psychopaths
Director & Officer Liability
Public Accountability Benchmarks
Conclusion�Toward a Culture of Integrity
Questions
Case Insights
Reading Insights
References
ETHICS CASES on:
Ethical Corporate Culture (4)
Ethical Leadership (3)
Bribery (4)
Corporate Governance & Managerial Opportunism (5)
Fraudulent & Questionable Financial Reporting (7)
Stock Market (7)
Product Safety (2)
APPENDIX A: Alternative Governance Theories
Sears Compensation Plan Backfires
Wells Fargo Suffers from an Unethical Culture
Johnson & Johnson Credo
Spying Scandal at Credit Suisse: Ethical Leadership?
CHAPTER 6 PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
Purpose of the Chapter
Professional Accounting�s Traditional Role
Historic Shortfalls in Meeting Professional Expectations
Professional Accounting and the Public Interest
Implications for Services Offered
Judgment & Values
Sources of Ethical Guidance
Professional Codes of Conduct
Conceptual Framework for Assessing Threats to Compliance
Conflicts of Interest:
Threats to Independence
Assessment using the Conceptual Framework Approach
A Stakeholder Impact Analysis
Affecting Services Offered
Involving Improper Use of Influence
Involving Use or Misuse of Information (Confidentiality)
Questionable Tax Services & Practices
Laws & Jurisprudence
Moral Courage Is Vital to Professional Accounting: Globalization Heightens the Requirement
When Codes & Laws Don�t Help
Broadening Role for Professional Accountants
Conclusion
Questions
Reading Insights
Case Insights
References
ETHICS CASES:
Famous events and scandals (5)
Professional & Fiduciary Duty (13)
Accounting & Auditing Dilemmas (11)
Fundamental Accounting & Auditing Issues Cases (3)
Tax & Regulatory Cases (7)
Transfer Pricing by Apple
The Business Reality Test for Transfer Pricing
Tax Inversions: Deal or No Deal
CHAPTER 7
MANAGING ETHICS RISKS & OPPORTUNITIES
Ethics Risks & Opportunities:
Identification & Assessment
Management & Mitigation
Stakeholder Accountability
Key Ethics Risk Issues & Tools;
Workplace Ethics
New Section: Freedom from Sexual Harassment (#MeToo Movement)
Whistleblower Programs & Ethics Inquiry Services
Fraud & White Collar Crime
New Section on Forensic Accounting
Bribery & International Operations
New Section on Money Laundering
Crisis Management
Conclusion
Questions
Case Insights
Reading Insights
References
ETHICS CASES about:
CSR Cases�Environmental Issues (3)
Workplace Ethics Cases
Discrimination & Abuse (6)
Spying (2)
White Collar Crime (3)
Bribery & International Operations Cases (10)
Risk & Crisis Management Cases (7)
APPENDIX A: Ethics Audit Program Annual Audit Questions
Bribery by Lockheed Corporation Spawns the U.S. FCPA
Niko Resources � Canada�s First Significant Bribery Prosecution
Daimlerchrysler Subject to Bribery U.S. Laws
CHAPTER 8 SUBPRIME LENDING FIASCO�ETHICS ISSUES
The Economic Train Wreck�A Global Disaster
Stages of the Subprime Lending Fiasco
How Did the Subprime Lending Crisis Happen?
Ethics Issues�The Subprime Lending Fiasco
Ethics Lessons
Questions
Case Insights
Useful Videos & Films
References
ETHICS CASES about:
Questionable ethical values (1)
Conflicts of interest (4)
Accounting manipulation (2)
Morale courage (1)
A Subprime Mortgage-Backed Security Gone Awry
Investment Bankers in the Movies
How Much Were the Investment Bankers Paid during the Crisis?