Public Speaking

Each chapter ends with a Conclusion. ; 1. PUBLIC SPEAKING IN THE AGE OF ACCOUNTABILITY: A CRITICAL MODEL ; I. The Roots of Critical Society ; II. Trends in the Environment ; A. Increasing Activism in the Political Sphere ; B. Increasing Activism in the Economic Sphere ; C. Increasing Activism in the Legal Sphere ; D. Increasing Diversity in the Cultural Environment ; E. Changes in Technological Environments ; F. Changes in Social Environments ; G. Changes in Rhetorical Conventions ; III. A Critical Model for Public Speaking (CCM) ; A. Speaker ; B. Message ; C. Channel ; D. Environment ; E. Audience ; F. Noise ; G. Feedback ; H. Impact of Speech ; I. Criteria for Judging Speech ; 2. COMMUNICATION APPREHENSIVENESS: LEARNING TO COPE WITH ANXIETY ; I. Causes of Communication Apprehension ; II. Situational Anxiety and Public Speaking ; III. Coping Strategies ; A. Before the Speech ; B. During the Speech ; C. After the Speech ; 3. LISTENING WITH A PURPOSE: EXERCISES IN HEARING, PERCEIVING, AND PROCESSING INFORMATION ; I. Purposeful Listening ; II. Influence of Perception on Message Reception ; A. Nature of Perception ; B. Influence of Perception on Communication ; C. How Listeners Respond ; D. Influences on Listening Effectiveness ; III. Reciprocal Responsibilities of Listeners and Speakers ; A. Giving Nonverbal Feedback ; B. Giving Verbal Feedback ; 4. ACQUIRING THE BASIC SKILLS: THE SPEECH OF INTRODUCTION ; I. Step 1: Getting Started ; A. Choosing a Theme ; B. Deciding upon a Purpose ; C. Framing a Thesis Statement ; II. Step 2: Getting Organized ; A. Identifying and Ordering Major Points ; B. Developing an Outline ; C. Writing a Preview Statement ; III. Step 3: Writing the Introduction ; A. Immediacy Techniques ; B. References to the Novel ; C. Suspense and Shock Techniques ; D. Linguistic Strategies ; E. Activity, Drama, and Conflict ; F. Humor ; G. Gimmicks ; IV. Step 4: Developing the Body of the Speech ; V. Step 5: Connecting your Thoughts ; A. Transitions ; B. Signposts ; C. Internal Summaries ; VI. Step 6: Closing with A Memorable Thought ; VII. Step 7: Practicing and Delivering the Speech ; A. Using Note Cards ; B. Practicing Timing the Speech ; C. Using Visual Aids ; 5. RESEARCHING, ANALYZING, AND ADAPTING TO YOUR AUDIENCE: THE SPEECH OF WELCOME ; I. Researching and Analyzing your Audience ; A. Creating a Demographic Profile ; B. Creating a Psychographic Profile ; C. Creating a Personality Profile ; II. Research and Analyzing your Speaking Environment ; III. Adapting to your Audience and Speaking Environment ; A. Choosing a Topic and Approach ; B. Framing a Realistic Purpose ; C. Recognizing your Audience ; D. Adapting to the Situation ; VI. Words of Caution ; 6. PUTTING PRINCIPLES OF DELIVERY INTO PRACTICE: THE ONE-POINT SPEECH ; I. One-Point Speeches ; II. Delivery Options ; A. Extemporaneous Speaking ; III. Building Credibility through Delivery ; A. Composure ; B. Dynamism ; C. Trustworthiness ; D. Sociability ; E. Status ; F. Competency ; G. Objectivity ; IV. Meeting Technical Challenges ; V. Setting Realistic Goals ; 7. VISUAL AIDS AND OTHER SOFTWARE PRESENTATIONS: THE COMPUTER-ASSISTED PRESENTATION ; I. Purposes of Visual Supports ; II. Overview of General Principles ; III. Different Kinds of Visual Supports ; A. Three-Dimensional Objects and Models ; B. Chalkboards, Whiteboards, and Flannel Boards ; C. Flip Charts ; D. Handouts ; E. Posters ; F. Overhead and Data Projectors ; G. Audio and Video Tapes ; IV. PowerPoint and Other Computer-Generated Presentations ; A. Mixed Media Presentations ; B. Aesthetic Considerations ; C. Considerations Related to Continuity ; D. Use of Contrast and Colors ; E. Typeface and Font Size ; F. Grammar and Structures ; G. Fromatting ; H. Presentation Techniques ; 8. RESEARCHING AND SUPPORTING YOUR IDEAS: PREPARING THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH ; I. Different Types of Informative Speaking ; II. Steps in Preparing an Informative Speech ; A. Step 1. Choosing your Topic ; B. Step 2. Framing a Purpose Statement ; C. Step 3. Writing a Thesis Statement ; D. Step 4. Researching your Speech ; E. Step 5. Identifying Points of Possible Confusion ; F. Step 6. Choosing an Organizational Pattern ; G. Step 7. Developing an Outline ; H. Step 8. Writing a Preview Satement ; I. Step 9. Writing an Introduction ; J. Step 10. Developing your Speech ; K. Step 11. Linking the Parts of the Speech ; L. Step 12. Adding Interest with Visual Aids ; M. Step 13. Concluding the Speech ; N. Review of Major Structural Elements ; 9. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PERSUASIVE DISCOURSE: A DEBATE INVOLVING MINORITY VOICES ; I. Ethos as a Persuasive Strategy ; II. Pathos as a Persuasive Strategy ; III. Logos as a Persuasive Strategy ; 10. ARGUING ELOQUENTLY AND CONVINCINGLY: SPEAKING TO CONVINCE, STIMULATE, OR ACTUATE ; I. Step 1: Selecting your Topic ; II. Step 2: Framing a Tentative Position Statement ; III. Step 3: Translating your Position Statement into a Thesis Statement ; IV. Step 4: Researching your Audience ; V. Step 5: Defining your General Purpose ; VI. Step 6: Framing a Desired Outcome ; VII. Step 7: Matching Purposes and Audiences with Organizational Patterns ; VIII. Step 8: Writing your Introduction ; IX. Step 9: Developing the Body of your Speech ; X. Step 10: Adapting your Materials to Your Audience ; XI. Step 11: Choosing Evocative Language ; XII. Step 12: Linking your Ideas ; XIII. Step 13: Writing your Conclusion ; XIV. Step 14: Delivering your Speech ; XV. Step 15: Responding to Questions ; 11. THE LANGUAGE OF PROPAGANDA: ENGAGING IN A COFFEE SHOP DISCUSSION ON ETHICS ; . I. Defining Propaganda ; II. The Toolbox of the Propagandist ; 12. SPEAKING IN SOCIAL CONTEXTS: PREPARING A SPEECH FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS ; I. Types of Special Occasion Speeches ; II. The Use of Humor ; 13. SPEAKING IN CLASSROOM CONTEXTS: MAKING A TEAM PRESENTATION ; I. Choosing a Theme ; II. Setting Teaching and Learning Objectives ; III. Deciding upon an Agenda of Learning Activities ; IV. Managing Group Dynamics ; V. Making the Presentation ; 14. PROFESSIONAL SPEECHWRITING: PREPARING A "GHOSTWRITTEN" SPEECH ; I. History of Presidential Ghostwriting ; II. Steps in Producing a Ghostwritten Speech ; III. Techniques for Preparing the Manuscript for Delivery ; IV. Relinquishing Ownership ; V. Evaluating your Efforts ; VI. Getting Work as a Freelance Writer ; VII. Debat over the Ethics of Ghostwriting ; 15. THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF RHETORICAL CRITICISM: PREPARING A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ; I. CCM Approach to Rhetorical Analysis ; II. Positioning the Speaker within a Larger Movement